Fanga Heʻé mo e Fanga Talá

Ne kamata ngāue leva ʻa e fuofua Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimuí Ni ke tūʻuta ki he Teleʻa Sōlekí ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfana ʻo e 1847, ki hono teuteuʻi ʻo e kelekele mōmoá ki ha utu-taʻu ʻi he faʻahitaʻu failaú. Ka neongo iá, ne fuʻu nounou ʻaupito e meʻakaí he faʻahitaʻu momoko ko iá, ʻo tupu ai ha vēkeveke ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoní ki heʻenau ngoué he faʻahitaʻu failaú. ‘I he tupu ʻa e ngoué he faʻahitaʻu failau ko iá, ne nau hā matolu mo maʻuiʻui pea ne ʻamanaki atu e kau tangata ngoué ke maʻu ha meʻa lahi mei ai. Ka ko e meʻa fakamamahí, he ne tūʻuta hifo ha ngaahi pupunga heʻe ki he ngoueʻangá ʻi he konga kimui ʻo Mē ʻo e 1848, ʻo ngalingali te nau fakaʻauha e konga lahi ʻo e maʻuʻanga meʻatokoni ne teuteu atu ki ai e kau paioniá. Ne laka hake ʻi he māhina ʻe tahá e fefaʻuhi ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoní mo e fanga heʻé ʻi he meʻa ne ui ʻe he niʻihi ko e Tau mo e Fanga Heʻe ʻo e 1848.¹

Lolotonga e faʻahitaʻu māfana ko iá, ne fakalalahi e fakamamahi ʻo e tūkunga ko ení. Ne mamata e kau ngoué ki hono keina ʻe he fanga heʻé e ngaahi ʻeka lahi ʻo e kēlení mo e vesitapoló.² Ne maʻu ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi, ʻa ia naʻá ne kei tataki mai ha kau fononga tokolahi ʻi he ngaahi potu tokaleleí, ha ngaahi lipooti kuo fakakaukau ha niʻihi ia ke nau mavahe mei he teleʻá ki Kalefōnia pe ko ʻOlikoni. Ne faleʻi ʻe ha niʻihi ʻa ʻIongi ke ne taʻofi e hiki atu ʻa e kau paioniá ki he feituʻu ko iá ʻi haʻanau manavasiʻi ʻe fiekaia e kau nofo foʻoú. Lolotonga iá, ne ʻohofi ʻe he ngaahi fāmilí e fanga heʻé ʻaki e ʻū taufale, polosi, vaʻakau, mo e maea, ka ne ʻikai taʻofi ai e “kau tau ʻo e hongé mo e siva ʻa e ʻamanakí.” Ne lotu ha niʻihi ke fakahaofi kinautolu ʻe he ʻEikí mei he maumaú.³

ʻI he kamataʻanga ʻo Suné, ne fou mai ha fanga tala Kalefōnia lahi ʻi he teleʻá, ʻo nau keina e fanga heʻé. Ne tomuʻa ilifia ha tokolahi ʻo e kau ngoué ʻi he tokolahi ʻo e fanga talá, ʻi haʻanau manavasiʻi kuo toe tō mai ha fakatuʻutāmaki ʻe taha ki heʻenau ngoue laveangofuá. Ka ne vave pē haʻanau mamata ki hono keina ʻe he fanga talá e fanga heʻé, inu vai, mo puʻaki mai e konga ʻoku ʻikai lava ʻo kaí, pea toe foki mai ki ha meʻakai lahi ange.⁴ Neongo ne toe hoko atu e maumau ʻa e fanga heʻé ʻi ha lau uike, ka ne keina ʻe he fanga talá ha meʻa feʻunga ke fakaleleiʻi e maumau ne hokó.

Fakatātā ʻo e tūʻuta ʻa e fanga talá ke keina e fanga heʻé ne tā ʻe he tokotaha tā valivali ko Mineva Teiseeti.

Ko e fanga heʻé ko ha taha pē ia ʻo e ngaahi palopalema ne fehangahangai mo e kau nofo paionia ʻi he Teleʻa Sōlekí ʻi heʻenau faifeinga ke maʻu ha ngoue ki he faʻahitaʻu māfana ko iá. ʻOku lahi e ngaahi maʻuʻanga fakamatala motuʻa taha kau ki he taʻu ko iá ʻoku nau fokotuʻu mai naʻe hohaʻa tatau pē ʻa e kau ngoué mo e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ki he sinou ne tō tōmuí mo e siʻisiʻi ʻa e maʻuʻanga vaí ʻo tatau mo e fanga heʻé, mahalo koeʻuhí ko hono ʻohofi ʻe he fanga heʻé ha ʻū ngoue pau, kae ʻikai ko hono kotoa ʻo e ngoueʻangá.

Ne hoko e fehangahangai ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoní mo e fanga heʻé mo e talá ʻi he 1848 ko e ʻuluaki pē ia ʻi ha ngaahi aʻusia lahi pehē. Ne toe foki mai ʻa e fanga heʻé lolotonga e ngaahi faʻahitaʻu utu-taʻu ʻi he ngaahi taʻu kehé, pea ʻi ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻe niʻihi ʻi ʻIutā, ne toe tokolahi ange ia ʻi he 1848. ʻI he meimei tūkunga kotoa pē, ne omi e fanga talá ʻo keina e fanga heʻé.⁵

Neongo e toutou hoko ʻení, ka ne manatua ʻe ha tokolahi ʻo e kau paioniá ʻa e hao mei he maumau ʻa e fanga heʻé ʻi he 1848. Ne mamata e Kau Māʻoniʻoní ki he toʻukupu maluʻi ʻo e ʻEikí ʻi he tūʻuta ʻa e fanga manupuná. Ne ueʻi fakalaumālie ʻe he “Mana ʻo e Fanga Talá” e kau fuofua ʻIutaá ke nau fakaʻapaʻapaʻi e manupuná, pea vave pē ʻenau fakamamafaʻi e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni mo e lao ke tauteaʻi ha taha ʻokú ne fakahohaʻasi pe tamateʻi e fanga talá. ʻOku fakamanatua e tokoni ʻa e fanga talá he ʻahó ni ʻe ha maka fakamanatu ʻi he Temipale Sikuea ʻi Sōleki Sití.

Maka Fakamanatu ʻo e Talá ʻi he Temipale Sikueá ʻi Sōleki Siti.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

“The Grasshopper War of 1855 and the Provo Sugar Miracle,” Ensign, Feb. 1986, 60–61.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Salt Lake Valley, Pioneer Economy

1. Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-day Saints, 1830–1900, new ed. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2005), 45–50.

2. ʻOku fakafaʻahinga ʻe he kau fakatotolo ʻinisēkité e fanga kiʻi ʻinisēkite ko ʻení ʻo ʻikai ko e fanga heʻe ka ko e katiteti (katydids), pea tohi e faʻahinga ko iá ko e Anabrus simplex, pe ko e meʻa ne ui ko e “fanga heʻe Māmongá” ʻi he meʻa naʻe hoko ko ʻeni ʻi he 1848. (Howard Stansbury, Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, Including a Reconnoissance of a New Route through the Rocky Mountains [Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co., 1852], 372.)

3. Orson F. Whitney, History of Utah, 4 vols. (Salt Lake City: George Q. Cannon & Sons, 1892), 1:377–78; William G. Hartley, “Mormons, Crickets, and Gulls: A New Look at an Old Story,” Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 38, no. 3 (Summer 1970), 227–30.

4. Hartley, “Mormons, Crickets, and Gulls,” 224–39. Ko e ʻulungaanga ʻo hono toe puʻaki ʻe he fanga manupuná e fanga heʻé ko ha tōʻonga kai angamaheni pē ia ʻo ʻikai ʻo e fanga talá pē, kae kau foki ki ai mo e faʻahinga manupuna kehé. Vakai, John K. Terres, The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds (New York: Wings Books, 1991), 153–54.

5. Ne toe fakalahi ʻe ha ngaahi fakamatala kimui ange ʻa e talanoá, ʻo fokotuʻu mai ne taʻe-hano-tatau e ʻasi mai ʻa e fanga talá ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo e feituʻú pe hangē ne ʻikai ko ha meʻa angamaheni ia ke puʻaki ʻenau meʻakaí pea toe kai lahi ange. Vakai, Orson Hyde, discourse, Sept. 24, 1854, ʻi he Deseret News, vol. 4, no. 30 (Oct. 5, 1854), 1–2; George Q. Cannon, “The Mormon Land System in Utah,” Irrigation Age, vol. 7, no. 4 (Oct. 1894), 188–89. Ke ‘ilo lahi ange ki he ngaahi fakamatala ʻo e fanga heʻé mo e fanga talá, vakai ki he Hartley, “Mormons, Crickets, and Gulls,” 224–39.