Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Ngāue Fakameisoní

“Meisoni,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí

“Meisoni”

Meisoni

Ko e ngāue fakameisioní (freemasonry) ko ha kulupu fakatokoua maʻá e kakai tangatá naʻe tupu mei he ngaahi kautaha fefakatauʻaki ʻIulope ʻi he laui senituli kuohilí. Naʻe fakataha ʻa e tā maká (pe Tangata Meisoní) ʻi ha ngaahi fale fakatahaʻanga, ʻa ia ne nau anga ʻaki hano fakatātaaʻi ha talanoa ʻi he tohi tapú kau ki ha tangata ko Helami, ʻa ia ne fili ʻe Solomone ke ne ngāue ki hono langa e temipale ʻi Selusalemá.1 Lolotonga e fakatātaá, ʻoku feʻunuaki holo ʻa e kau Meisoní ʻi ha ngaahi tuʻunga kehekehe ʻo ngāue ʻaki ʻa e fepukeaki nimá, ngaahi foʻi lea mahuʻingá mo ha teunga makehe. ʻI he ngaahi ouau faka-Meisoní, ʻoku tukupā ʻa e kau tangata Meisoní ke nau moʻui taau ke falalaʻanga pea mo faitotonu ki honau ngaahi tokoua ʻi he Meisoní. Makehe mei he kau atu ki he ngaahi ouau ko ʻení, ʻoku fakataha ʻa e kau Meisoní ʻo kau atu ki he ngaahi ʻekitivitī fakatupulaki ʻi he koló mo fai ha tokoni ʻofa ʻi he ngaahi ʻuhinga kehekehe.

Naʻe hoko ha niʻihi ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ko ha kau Meisoni. Naʻe kau ʻa Hiipa C. Kimipolo, Hailame Sāmita, mo ha niʻihi kehe ki he ngaahi fakatahaʻanga ʻa e kau Meisoní ʻi he 1820 tupú, pea naʻe kau ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki he kulupu fakatokouá ʻi Māʻasi 1842 ʻi Nāvū, ʻIlinoisi.2 Ne ʻikai fuoloa mei he taimi ne hoko ai ʻa Siosefa ko ha Meisoní naʻá ne fakafeʻiloaki ʻa e maʻu ʻenitaumeni ʻi he temipalé. ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa ʻoku faitatau ʻi he ouau faka-Meisoní mo e maʻu ʻenitaumení, ka ʻoku ʻi ai foki mo ha ngaahi faikehekehe mahino ʻi honau ʻuhingá mo e taumuʻá.

Hisitōlia ʻo e Meisoní

ʻOku ʻikai ha fakamatala fakapepa ki he Meisoní kimuʻa he 1400. ʻOku fakamatala ʻe he lekooti motuʻa tahá ha talanoa ki he kulupu Meisoní naʻe tukuʻau mai mei he kuonga ʻo e Fuakava Motuʻá. Ko e miniti motuʻa taha ki he fakataha ʻa e Meisoní ʻoku meimei ki he 1600 nai pea ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai naʻe hohaʻa ʻa e kulupú ki hono fakahoko e pisinisi fefakatauʻaki ki he ngāue tā maká. ʻOku hā ʻi he ʻū tohi miniti kimui angé naʻe fakaʻau māmālie pē ke kau atu e kau tangata naʻe ʻikai tā maká ki he fakatahá. Naʻe liliu ʻe he kau mēmipa ko ʻení ʻa e kulupú mei heʻene hoko ko ha kulupu maʻá e kau fefakatauʻaki koloá ki ha kulupu fakatokoua.

Naʻe fakamatala ʻe he kau tangata Meisoní ha talanoa fekauʻaki mo e founga naʻe ako ai ʻe he kau tangata ʻi muʻa ʻiate kinautolú ʻa e ngāue tā maká, fakaʻaongaʻi ia ke langa ʻaki e temipale ʻa Solomoné, maluʻi e tuʻuʻanga ʻo e temipalé, pea pukepuke ʻenau ʻilo ki he taukei ko iá ko ha fakapulipuli malu.3 ʻI he aʻu ki he kuonga ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá, naʻe faingataʻa ke fakafaikehekeheʻi ʻa e hisitōlia faka-ʻIulope ʻo e kau Meisoní mei hono talatupuʻá mo e tukufakaholó. ʻOku hangē naʻe tupu e tukufakaholo ʻa e Kulupu Meisoní ʻi ʻIulope ʻi he kuonga muʻá.4 ʻOku mei faitatau e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi ouau ko ʻení mo e ngaahi ouau fakalotú ʻi he ngaahi tukufakaholo fakakuongamuʻá mo fakaonopōní.5

Naʻe manakoa lahi taha e Kulupu Meisoní ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e taʻu 1790 mo e 1826. Naʻe hoko e ongo taki ʻiloa ko Siaosi Uasingatoni mo Penisimani Falangikeé ko ha ongo Meisoni, pea naʻe kau e ongo politikale manakoa ko ʻAnitelū Siakisoni mo Henelī Keleí kimui ange ki he kulupu fakatokouá.6 Ka naʻe loto-hohaʻa e kakai ʻAmelika ʻe niʻihi ʻi he kuonga ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá ki he natula fakapulipuli mo fakamakehekehe ʻa e kau Meisoní.7 Naʻe faʻu ʻe he kau “tāufehiʻa ki he Meisoní” ha ngaahi sosaieti, pulusi ha ʻū nusipepa pea faʻu mo ha paati fakapolitikale fakapuleʻanga.8 Neongo e ngaahi feinga ko ʻení, ka naʻe manakoa ʻaupito ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻa e ngaahi kulupu fakapulipuli hangē ko e Meisoní, pea naʻe fokotuʻu ha ʻū fale fakatahaʻanga maʻá e kau Meisoní ʻi he tukui kolo lalahí.9

Meisoní ʻi Nāvū

ʻI Tīsema ʻo e 1841, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he kau tangata Meisoni ʻe toko 18 ha fale fakatahaʻanga ʻi Nāvū. ʻI he ʻaho hono hokó naʻe tohi kole ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo ha kau tangata ʻe toko 40 ke nau mēmipa ʻi he kulupú. ʻI he ʻaho 15 ʻo Māʻasi, 1842, naʻe fakangofua ʻe he Taki Meisoni ʻo ʻIlinoisí ko ʻĒpalahame Sōnasi ke fokotuʻu e Fale Fakatahaʻanga ʻi Nāvuú mo fili hono kau ʻōfisá pea talitali ʻa Siosefa mo Sitenei Likitoni ki he tuʻunga ko e “Hū Foʻou Akoako” ʻi he loki ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he Falekoloa Piliki Kulokula ʻa Siosefá. ʻI he ʻaho hono hokó, naʻe fakaʻatā ʻe Sōnasi ʻa Siosefa mo Sitenei ki he tuʻunga ko e “Tangata Tufunga” pea hiki hake kinaua ki he tuʻunga ko e “Taki Meisoni.”10 ʻOku ʻikai ha fakamatala ʻi he ngaahi maʻuʻanga fakamatala fakahisitōliá ʻa e ngaahi taumuʻa ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki heʻene kau ki he Kulupu Meisoní. ʻI he ngaahi feituʻu lahi ʻi ʻAmelika he kuonga muʻá, naʻe hoko foki mo e kau ngāue fakapuleʻanga māʻolungá ko e kau Meisoni. Mahalo naʻe fakakaukau ʻa Siosefa ʻe hoko ʻene kau ki he kulupú ke ne maʻu ai ha kau poupou te nau lava ʻo tokoniʻi ia ke ne maʻu e tākiekina mo e maluʻi fakapolitikale mei he kau fakatangá. Hili hono lavakiʻi ʻo Siosefa ʻe ha niʻihi ʻo hono ngaahi kaungāngāue lelei ʻi Mīsulí, mahalo pē naʻe fakamānako kiate ia ʻa e fakamamafa ʻa e kau Meisoní ki he tauhi ke fakapulipulí mo e māteakí. ʻOku pau pē foki naʻe fakaʻaiʻai ʻe he kau Meisoni Māmongá ʻa Siosefa ke ne tohi kole ke hoko ko ha mēmipa. Ka naʻe palōmesi ʻa Siosefa, ʻo tatau pē mo e kau Meisoni kotoa pē, ko ʻene taumuʻa pau ki heʻene kau ki he kulupú ke ne maʻu ha ʻilo lahi ange mo tokoni ki he niʻihi kehé.11

Holo ʻa e Kulupu Meisoní ʻi Nāvuú

Ko e Holo ʻa e Kulupu Meisoní ʻi Nāvuú.

Naʻe tokolahi e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ne nau kau ki he Fale Fakatahaʻanga ʻi Nāvuú, ʻa ia naʻe hoko ko e fakatahaʻanga tokolahi taha ʻi he vahefonuá. Ne hoko e tokolahi vave ko ʻení ke huʻuhuʻu ai ha kau Meisoni tokolahi ʻe puleʻi ʻe he kau Māmongá ʻa e kulupu ʻi ʻIlinoisí. ʻI he kamatá, naʻe fakaʻatā pē ʻe he Fakatahaʻanga Lahí ke kei hoko atu pē ʻa e Fakatahaʻanga ʻi Nāvuú koeʻuhí ke ʻoange hanau taimi feʻunga ke fakatonutonu ai e fetōkaki ʻi heʻenau fakahū e kau mēmipa foʻoú, ka ʻi he aʻu ki ʻOkatopa 1843, ne taʻofi ʻene toe hoko atú.12 Pea ʻi he taimi ne fakapoongi ai ʻa Siosefa mo Hailame Sāmita ʻi Kātesi ʻi Sune ʻo e 1844, naʻe loto-lili e kau Meisoni Māmongá pea nau ongoʻi ne lavakiʻi kinautolu ʻi hono ʻiloʻi ʻe he niʻihi ne nau siotonú ne kau ha kau Meisoni ʻi he fakatangá. ʻI he fanongo ha kāingalotu ʻe niʻihi ʻo e Siasí ki he mālōlō ʻa Siosefá, naʻa nau tui mahalo naʻá ne lea ʻaki ha ui faka-Meisoni ʻi he fakaʻau ke ne mālōloó, ʻo ʻāʻāsili ai e ongoʻi ʻe he Kāingalotú ne lavakiʻi kinautolú.13 Naʻe fakaʻau ke toe kovi ange ʻa e fekeʻikeʻi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Kāingalotú mo e kau Meisoni ʻi ʻIlinoisí mo e ʻēlia takatakai ʻi aí, pea ʻi he aʻu ki ʻOkatopa ʻo e 1844, naʻe tuʻusi ʻe he Fakatahaʻanga Lahí ʻa e ngaahi kākunga kotoa pē ki he Fakatahaʻanga ʻi Nāvuú mo hono kau mēmipá. Ka naʻe kei hoko atu pē ʻe he kau Meisoni ʻi Nāvuú ke fakalele ʻenau fakatahaʻangá ʻiate kinautolu pē ʻo aʻu ki he 1846, ko e taimi ia naʻe mavahe kotoa ai ʻa e Kāingalotú.14 Hili e tūʻuta ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi ʻIutaá, naʻe ʻikai ke nau toe fokotuʻu ha fale fakatahaʻanga foʻou maʻá e kau Meisoní.

Meisoní mo e ʻEnitaumení

ʻI he ʻaho 3 ʻo Mē, 1842, naʻe kole ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha kau tangata ke nau teuteuʻi e feituʻu ʻi heʻene Falekoloa Piliki Kulokulá ʻa ia ne fakataha ai e kau Meisoní, “ko e mateuteu ke foaki ʻenitaumeni ki ha niʻihi ʻo e kau Kaumātuʻá.”15 ʻI he ʻaho hono hokó, naʻe fuofua fakafeʻiloaki ʻe Siosefa ʻa e ʻenitaumeni ʻi he temipalé ki ha kau tangata ʻe toko hiva, ʻa ia ne nau hoko kotoa pē foki ko ha kau Meisoni.16 Ko e taha ʻo e kau tangata ko ʻení, ko Hiipa C. Kimipolo, naʻá ne faitohi ʻo fakamatala ʻene aʻusiá ki he ʻAposetolo ko Paʻale P. Pālatí, ʻa ia naʻá ne lolotonga ngāue fakafaifekau ki ʻIngilani. Naʻe faitohi ʻe Kimipolo fekauʻaki mo e ʻenitaumení ʻo pehē, “Kuo mau maʻu ha ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga ʻo fakafou ʻi he Palōfitá fekauʻaki mo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí, ʻoku ʻi ai ha meʻa ʻoku faitatau ai ʻa e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí mo e kulupu meisoní.” Naʻá ne talaange kia Pālati naʻe tui ʻa Siosefa naʻe “toʻo ʻa e kulupu Meisoní mei he lakanga fakataulaʻeikí ka kuo fakaʻau ke fakameleʻi.”17 Naʻe tatau pē mo e pehē ʻe ha mēmipa ʻe taha ʻo e Siasí naʻe maʻu ʻenitaumeni, ko Siosefa Filitingi, ʻi heʻene tohinoá “ne hangē ne hoko [e Meisoní] ko ha Makatuʻunga pe Teuteuʻanga ki ha meʻa ʻe tahá,” ko e ʻuhinga ki he ʻenitaumení.18

Naʻe tala ʻe he kau Māmonga ʻi Nāvū ne nau fakatou aʻusia ʻa e ouau faka-Meisoní mo e ʻenitaumení ʻa e faitatau ʻi ha konga ʻe niʻihi ʻo e ongo ouaú, ka naʻa nau fakamoʻoniʻi foki ko e ʻenitaumení ko ha ola ia ʻo ha maʻu fakahā. Naʻe akoʻi ʻe Uiliate Lisiate, ʻi heʻene tohi e hisitōlia ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá, ko hono fakafeʻiloaki ʻo e ʻenitaumení ʻi Nāvuú naʻe “puleʻi ia ʻe he tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e Fakahaá.”19 Naʻe mahino kia Siosefa mo ʻene kau kaungāngāué ko e kulupu Meisoní ko ha kautaha ia ne nau fakatolonga ha niʻihi ʻo e moʻoni tupuʻá.20 Naʻa nau fakahaaʻi ʻa e potupotu tatau ʻa e ongo ouau faka-Meisoní mo e ʻenitaumení ka naʻa nau aofangatuku, ʻo makatuʻunga mei heʻenau aʻusia ki he ongo ouaú fakatouʻosi, ko e ouau ʻenitaumení naʻe fakalangi hono toe fakafoki maí.21

ʻOku hanga ʻe hono fakamamafaʻi ʻo e ngaahi faitatau ʻi he founga fakafaiakó mo e fōtunga hā ki tuʻa ʻo e kulupu Meisoní mo e ʻenitaumeni ʻi he temipalé ʻo fakaʻuliʻulilātai ʻa e ngaahi faikehekehe mahuʻinga ʻi hona taumuʻá. ʻOku fakaʻaiʻai ʻe he ngaahi ouau faka-Meisoní ʻa e tupulaki fakaekitá, ongoʻi fakatokouá, manavaʻofá mo e mateakiʻi e moʻoní ko e fakataumuʻa ke faʻu ha kau tangata lelei ange, ʻa ia ʻe tupu mei ai ha sosaieti lelei ange.22 Lolotonga e ngaahi ouau fakatemipalé, ʻoku fuakava e kakai tangata mo fefine mo e ʻOtuá ke talangofua ki Heʻene ngaahi fonó koeʻuhí ke nau maʻu ʻa e hākeakiʻí ʻo fakafou ʻi he Fakalelei ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí.23 ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he ouau faka-Meisoní ha fakahinohino fakaikiiki ʻo ngāue ʻaki ʻa e fakatulamaʻí mo e fakatātaaʻi ʻaki e ngaue ʻo e sinó mo e teungá ʻi he ʻuhinga ne fakatefito he ngaahi talatupuʻa faka-Meisoní. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ʻenitaumení ha ngaahi founga fakafaiako tatau, ka ʻoku meimei ke fakatefito ia ʻi he ngaahi fakahā mo e liliu fakalaumālie ne foaki kia Siosefa Sāmitá.

Ko ha faikehekehe lahi ʻe taha ʻi he ouau faka-Meisoní mo e ʻenitaumení ko e tokotaha naʻe fakangofua ke kau ki aí. Neongo naʻe mamafa ʻa e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e kulupu Meisoní ki ha tokotaha ʻoku fie kau ki he kulupu fakatokouá, ka naʻe fakaʻamu ʻe Siosefa ke foaki ʻenitaumeni “ʻo aʻu ai pē ki he vaivai taha ʻi he Kāingalotú” ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he “vave ʻo ʻenau mateuteu ke maʻu [iá], pea teuteu mo ha potu ʻoku taau ke fakahoko ai [iá].”24 Pea naʻe hoko ʻo pehē ko Pilikihami ʻIongi mo e kau tangata mo e fefine ne foaki ange honau ʻenitaumeni ʻe Siosefa kimuʻa peá ne mālōloó, ne nau fakahoko ʻa e ouaú ki ha Kāingalotu ʻe laui afe. ʻIkai ngata aí, ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e ngaahi kulupu faka-Meisoní ne ʻikai kau ki ai ha kakai fefine.25 Ka naʻe akoʻi ʻe Siosefa naʻe mahuʻinga ke maʻu ʻe he kakai fefine ʻo e Siasí ʻa e ʻenitaumení. Naʻe mateuteu ha kakai fefine tokolahi ʻi Nāvū ke maʻu e ouau ko ʻení ʻi heʻenau kau ki he Fineʻofá.26

ʻOku kehekehe e ngaahi founga ke maʻu ai ha mahino ki he fetuʻutaki ʻi he kulupu Meisoní mo e temipalé. ʻOku tuhu ha niʻihi ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ki he faitatau ʻi he faʻunga mo e fakaʻilonga ʻo e ouau ʻenitaumení mo e Meisoní pea mo e ngaahi ouau fakalotu ʻi he kuonga muʻá ko ha fakamoʻoni ko e ʻenitaumení ko hano toe fakafoki mai ia ʻo ha ouau fakakuongamuʻa.27 ʻOku pehē ʻe ha niʻihi naʻe kaunga lahi e ngaahi fakakaukau mo e ngaahi kautaha ʻi he ʻātakai ne ʻi ai ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá ki he founga naʻá ne maʻu ai e fakahaá.28 Ka naʻe ʻikai ke fakatatau e ʻenitaumení ki he ngaahi ouau ʻo e Kulupu Meisoní ʻi ha faʻahinga tuʻunga. Ka naʻe hoko e aʻusia ʻa Siosefa ʻi he kulupu Meisoní ke fakatupunga ai ha fakahā. Naʻe toe fakafoki mai ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e ngaahi ouau ʻo e temipalé ʻo fakafou ʻia Siosefa Sāmita ke akoʻi ha ngaahi moʻoni mahuʻinga fekauʻaki mo e palani ʻo e fakamoʻuí mo fakafeʻiloaki ha ngaahi fuakava ʻe malava ai ʻe he fānau ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻo hū ki Hono ʻaó.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Temple Endowment [ʻEnitaumeni ʻi he Temipalé], Deaths of Joseph and Hyrum Smith [Pekia ʻa Siosefa mo Hailame Sāmitá]

  1. Fakatatau ki he 1 Ngaahi Tuʻi 7:13–45, “naʻe fekau ʻe Solomone ʻo ne ʻomi ʻa Helami mei Taia. Ko e tama ia ʻo e fefine naʻe pekia hono ʻunohó ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo Nafitalí” pea naʻá ne taukei ʻi he ngāue mo e palasá. ʻI he talatupuʻa faka-Meisoní, ʻoku ʻiloa ia ko Helami ʻApifi pea ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke fetoʻoaki ia mo Helami ko e tuʻi ʻo Taiá, ʻa ia naʻá ne kau foki ʻi he tokoni ki hono langa e temipale ʻa Solomoné (vakai, 2 Samuela 5:11).

  2. Joseph Smith journal, Mar. 15, 1842, in Journal, December 1841–December 1842, 91, josephsmithpapers.org.

  3. The Constitutions of the Free-Masons, Containing the History, Charges, Regulations, &c. of That Most Ancient and Right Worshipful Fraternity (Philadelphia: n.p., 1734).

  4. Margaret C. Jacob, The Origins of Freemasonry: Facts and Fictions (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006); David Stevenson, The Origins of Freemasonry: Scotland’s Century, 1590–1710 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Arturo de Hoyos, ed., Albert Pike’s Esoterika: The Symbolism of the Blue Degrees of Freemasonry (Washington, DC: Scottish Rite Research Society, 2005).

  5. Vakai, Hugh Nibley, Temple and Cosmos: Beyond This Ignorant Present, edited by Don E. Norton (Provo, UT: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 1992), 419–23; William H. Stemper Jr. and Guy L. Beck, “Freemasons,” in Lindsay Jones, ed., Encyclopedia of Religion, 2nd ed. (New York: Thomson Gale, 2005), 3193–99.

  6. Steven C. Bullock, Revolutionary Brotherhood: Freemasonry and the Transformation of the American Social Order, 1730–1840 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996).

  7. Ko e ongo kaungāmeʻa lelei ʻo Siosefa Sāmita ko Māteni Hālisi mo Uiliami W. Felipisí naʻá na fehiʻa he kau Meisoní. Naʻe tomuʻa pehē ʻe Hālisi ko e ngaahi fakafōtunga ne ʻi he Tohi ʻa Molomoná naʻe ʻikai poupou ki he kulupu faka-Meisoní, ʻo tatau pē foki ki ha niʻihi ne nau fakaangaʻi e tohí kimuʻá. Vakai, “Antimasonic Religion,” Geauga Gazette (Painesville, OH), Mar. 15, 1831; Alexander Campbell, Delusions: An Analysis of the Book of Mormon with an Examination of Its Internal and External Evidences, and a Refutation of Its Pretenses to Divine Authority (Boston: Benjamin H. Greene, 1832), 9–10. Naʻe meimei ke fakatefito e fetaʻemahinoʻaki ko ʻení ʻi he kupuʻi lea angamaheni ʻi he Tohi ʻa Molomoná ko e “kautaha fufū.” Vakai, Paul Mouritsen, “Secret Combinations and Flaxen Cords: Anti-Masonic Rhetoric and the Book of Mormon,” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies, vol. 12, no. 1 (2003), 64–77, 116–18.

  8. David G. Hackett, That Religion in Which All Men Agree: Freemasonry in American Culture (Berkley: University of California Press, 2014), 111–24.

  9. Mark C. Carnes, Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989); Mary Ann Clawson, Constructing Brotherhood: Class, Gender, and Fraternalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989).

  10. Vakai, Glen M. Leonard, Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, a People of Promise (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2002), 313–21.

  11. David Bernard, Light on Masonry: A Collection of All the Most Important Documents on the Subject of Speculative Free Masonry … (Utica, NY: William Williams, 1829), 16.

  12. Vakai, Brady G. Winslow, “Irregularities in the Work of Nauvoo Lodge: Mormonism, Freemasonry, and Conflicting Interests on the Illinois Frontier,” John Whitmer Historical Association Journal, vol. 34, no. 2 (Fall/Winter 2014), 58–79.

  13. “The Murder,” Times and Seasons, vol. 5, no. 13 (July 15, 1844), 585. Vakai foki, Orson F. Whitney, Life of Heber C. Kimball, an Apostle: The Father and Founder of the British Mission (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1888), 26–27.

  14. Kenneth W. Godfrey, “Freemasonry in Nauvoo,” in Daniel H. Ludlow, ed., Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 4 vols. (New York: MacMillan, 1992), 2:527–28.

  15. Lucius N. Scovil, “The Higher Ordinances,” Deseret Evening News, Feb. 11, 1884, 2.

  16. Joseph Smith, “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842],” 1328, josephsmithpapers.org. Ko e kau tangatá ko Hailame Sāmita, Pilikihami ʻIongi, Uiliate Lisiate, Hiipa C. Kimipolo, Viliami Lao, Uiliami Mākisi, Sēmisi ʻĀtama, Siaosi Mila, mo Niueli K. Uitenī (Joseph Smith journal, May 4, 1842, ʻi he Journal, December 1841–December 1842, 94, josephsmithpapers.org). Ko e tokosiʻi taha ʻo e kau mēmipa ne fie maʻu ke fokotuʻu ʻaki ha vāhenga ʻo e Kulupu Meisoni Māʻolunga Fakaʻeiʻeikí ko e toko hiva. Naʻe kau ʻi he Kulupu Meisoni Māʻolunga Fakaʻeiʻeikí ha ngaahi tuʻunga faka-Meisoni māʻolunga ange ne maʻu ʻe ha kau Meisoni ʻe niʻihi. Ko kinautolu ʻoku nau maʻu e ngaahi tuʻunga Māʻolunga Fakaʻeiʻeikí ʻoku nau fou ʻi ha veili ki he Māʻoniʻoni ʻo e Ngaahi Māʻoniʻoní ʻo hū ki he “Lakanga Toputapu ʻo e Lakanga Fakataulaʻeiki Māʻolungá.” ʻOku ʻikai ke ʻiloʻi pe ko e hā e meʻa naʻe ʻilo ʻe Siosefa Sāmita fekauaki mo e Kulupu Meisoni Māʻolunga Fakaʻeiʻeikí. Naʻe ʻi ai ha vāhenga ʻo e kulupu Māʻolunga Fakaʻeiʻeikí ʻi Sipilingifila ʻi he 1841 pea naʻe hoko e kaungāngāue lelei ʻo Siosefa ko Niueli K. Uitenií ko ha Meisoni Māʻolunga Fakaʻeiʻeiki. Vakai, Michael W. Homer, Joseph’s Temples: The Dynamic Relationship between Freemasonry and Mormonism (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2014), 245–49.

  17. Heber C. Kimball letter to Parley P. and Mary Ann Frost Pratt, June 17, 1842, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; fakatonutonu ʻa e sipela. Naʻe hoko ʻa Kimipolo ko ha Meisoni ʻi ha meimei taʻu ʻe uofulu. Vakai, Steven C. Harper, “Freemasonry and the Latter-day Saint Temple Endowment Ceremony,” in Laura Harris Hales, ed., A Reason for Faith: Navigating LDS Doctrine and Church History (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2016), 143–57.

  18. Andrew F. Ehat, ed., “‘They Might Have Known That He Was Not a Fallen Prophet’—The Nauvoo Journal of Joseph Fielding,” BYU Studies, vol. 19, no. 2 (Winter 1979), 145.

  19. Joseph Smith “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842],” 1328–29; vakai foki, Andrew F. Ehat, “‘Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord?’ Sesquicentennial Reflections of a Sacred Day: 4 May 1842,” in Donald W. Parry, ed., Temples of the Ancient World: Ritual and Symbolism (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1994), 51. Naʻe fakaʻaiʻai ʻe ha fakahā kia Siosefa Sāmita ʻi he ʻaho 19 ʻo Sānuali, 1841, ʻa e Kāingalotú ke nau langa ha temipale, koeʻuhí ke Ne “fakahā ʻi ai ʻeku ngaahi ouaú ki hoku kakaí” (“Revelation, 19 January 1841 [DC 124],” in Book of the Law of the Lord, 6, josephsmithpapers.org; fakaleleiʻi e fakaʻilonga leá).

  20. Vakai, Benjamin F. Johnson, My Life’s Review (Independence, MO: Zion’s Printing and Publishing Co., 1947), 93.

  21. Heber C. Kimball letter to Parley P. and Mary Ann Frost Pratt, June 17, 1842. ʻOku hāsino e mahino naʻe maʻu ʻe he fuofua Kāingalotú ki he fetuʻutaki ʻi he kulupu Meisoní mo e moihū ʻi he temipalé ʻi hono fakahaaʻi e ngaahi fakaʻilonga naʻe faʻa ngāue ʻaki ki he Tā Maká ʻi he ngaahi tā tongitongi ʻa e tufunga ko Viliami Uiké ki he Temipale Nāvuú mo ha ʻū fale ʻe niʻihi ʻo e Siasí ʻi ʻIutā ʻi he kuonga muʻá.

  22. Vakai, William Hutchinson, The Spirit of Masonry: In Moral and Elucidatory Lectures (New York: Isaac Collins, 1800), 125–34; see also Steven C. Bullock, Revolutionary Brotherhood: Freemasonry and the Transformation of the American Social Order, 1730–1840 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996).

  23. Vakai, James E. Talmage, The House of the Lord: A Study of Holy Sanctuaries Ancient and Modern (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1912), 99–100; Russell M. Nelson, “Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings,” Ensign, May 2001, 32.

  24. Joseph Smith, “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842],” 1328; vakai foki, Joseph Smith journal, May 4–5, 1842, in Journal, December 1841–December 1842, 94; vakai foki, 94, note 198. Neongo naʻe meimei ke kakai tangata ʻa e ngaahi fakatahaʻanga faka-Meisoni kotoa pē, ka naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaahi fakatahaʻanga kakai fefine ʻe niʻihi ʻi he seinituli 18 ʻi ʻIulope. Vakai, Jan A. M. Snoek, Initiating Women in Freemasonry: The Adoptive Rite (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2012).

  25. Margaret C. Jacob, The Origins of Freemasonry: Facts and Fictions, 92–129.

  26. Hili ha ʻaho ʻe ua mei he hoko ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ko ha Meisoní, naʻá ne fokotuʻu ʻa e Kau Fineʻofa ʻo Nāvuú ʻi he loki tatau pē naʻe fakataha ai e Fakatahaʻanga Nāvuú ʻi hono falekoloá. Naʻe faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe Siosefa he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi foʻi lea faka-Meisoni ʻi he taimi naʻá ne lea ai ki he kau Fineʻofá. Hangē ko ʻení, naʻá ne tapou ke nau “siviʻi fakalelei ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pē,” naʻá ne fakamatalaʻi “ʻoku totonu ke fakatuʻunga e tupulaki e kau Fineʻofá,” peá ne naʻinaʻi ke nau hangē ha kau “Meisoni leleí” ʻo ʻikai fakahāhāholo ʻa e fakamatala ʻi ha taha ʻo ʻene ngaahi tohí. Naʻá ne faʻa lave foki mo e niʻihi kehé ki he talaʻofa ke maʻu ʻenitaumeni he temipalé. Nauvoo Relief Society Minute Book, Mar. 17, 1842; Mar. 31, 1842; mo e “Copied Documents, March 31 and April 2, 1842,” churchhistorianspress.org; vakai foki ki he talateu ki he “1.2 Nauvoo Relief Society Minute Book,” in Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, Matthew J. Grow, eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016), 24–25.

  27. Hangē ko ʻení, naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻe he kau fakatotolo ʻo e Siasí ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ne faitatau ai ʻa e teunga ne fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi ouau ʻi ʻIsipite he kuonga muʻá mo e teunga toputapu ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ki he ʻenitaumení. Vakai, C. Wilfred Griggs and others, “Evidences of a Christian Population in the Egyptian Fayum and Genetic and Textile Studies of the Akhmim Noble Mummies,” BYU Studies, vol. 33, no. 2 (1993), 214–43. Ki ha fakamatala ki he ngaahi ouau fakalotu fakakuongamuʻa kehé, vakai ki he Hugh Nibley, The Message of the Joseph Smith Papyri: An Egyptian Endowment, 2nd ed. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2005).

  28. Vakai, Samuel Morris Brown, In Heaven as It Is on Earth: Joseph Smith and the Early Mormon Conquest of Death (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 185; Harper, “Freemasonry and the Latter-day Saint Temple Endowment Ceremony,” 149–53.