ʻAukai

ʻI he taimi naʻe fokotuʻu ai ʻa e Siasí, naʻe hoko ʻa e ʻaukaí ko ha konga mahuʻinga ʻo e moihuú ki ha kau Kalisitiane tokolahi ʻi ʻAmelika Noate. Naʻe makatuʻunga ʻa e foungá ni ʻi ha ngaahi sīpinga ne hā ʻi he Tohi Tapú.¹ Ngalingali naʻe kau ʻa e kau fuofua Kāingalotú ʻi he ʻaukaí kimuʻa pea nau kau ki he Siasí pea hokohoko atu ai ʻenau ʻaukaí ko e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí. ʻI ʻAokosi 1831, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha fakahā ʻo fakahinohinoʻi e kāingalotú ke nau teuteu ha meʻatokoni “ʻi he loto ʻoku angatonu koeʻuhí ke haohaoa ʻa hoʻo ʻaukaí.”² Naʻe lave ha fakahā kimui ange, ko ha fatongia mahuʻinga ʻo e Temipale Ketilaní ke tanumaki ʻa e “lotú mo e ʻaukaí.”³ Kimuʻa pea fakatapui e temipalé ʻi he 1836, naʻe meimei ko e ʻaukai fakakulupú ne fakahoko pē ia ko e teuteu ki hono fakamoʻui ʻo e mahakí pe kau atu ki he ngaahi fakataha ʻa e Akoʻanga ʻo e Kau Palōfitá ʻi Ketilaní.⁴ Hili hono fakatapui ʻo e temipalé, naʻe fili ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻa e ʻuluaki Tuʻapulelulu ʻo e māhiná ko ha ʻaho ʻaukai.⁵ Naʻe kau ʻi he ngaahi fakataha ʻaukai makehe ʻi he temipalé ha ngaahi malanga, ngaahi fakamoʻoni fakataautaha, mo ha ngaahi foaki maʻá e masivá.⁶

ʻI he vahaʻa ʻo e taʻu 1838 mo e 1849, ko e taimi ia naʻe tokolahi taha ai ʻa e mavahe ʻa e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí mei ʻOhaioó, ko e taimi ia naʻe kamata ke toe tokolahi ange ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻi ʻIutaá, naʻe faʻa fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi fakataha ʻaukaí ko ha konga ʻo e ngaahi fakataha alēleá mo e konifelenisí pea mo hono fakahoko ʻo e ngaahi fakanofó, tāpuakiʻi e mahakí, tokoniʻi e masivá, pe fakafiefiaʻi e tokoni fakalangí mo e ngaahi tāpuakí.⁷ Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo toe kamata ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻi he Teleʻa Sōlekí ʻa e ʻaho ʻaukai angamahení ʻi he ʻuluaki Tuʻapulelulu ʻo e māhiná, pea ʻi he 1856, naʻe poupouʻi ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ha foaki ʻaukai lahi ange, ʻo kau ai ʻa e meʻakai ne nau fakamamaʻo mei hono maʻú, mo hono mahuʻinga fakapaʻangá, ke tokoni ki he masivá. Ko e taimi foki ʻeni naʻe kamata ke hokohoko lelei ange ai hono faʻa ʻomi ʻe he ngaahi fakatahaʻanga ʻaukaí ʻa e fakamoʻoni ʻa e kāingalotu ʻo e ngaahi fakatahaʻanga fakalotofonuá.⁸ Naʻe faʻa fokotuʻu ʻe he kau takí he taimi ʻe niʻihi ha ʻaukai makehe lolotonga e vahaʻataimi ko ʻení, ke maʻu ha fakafiemālie mei he ngaahi fakatamaki fakanatulá mo e ngaahi ʻahiʻahi fakafepaki ki he mali tokolahí.⁹ ʻI he 1896, naʻe hiki ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí mo e Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ʻa e ngaahi fakataha ʻaukaí ki he ʻuluaki Sāpate ʻo e māhina takitaha, fokotuʻu ange ha vahaʻataimi ʻaukai houa ʻe 24, pea kole ha ngaahi foaki ʻoku tatau mo e feilaulauʻi ʻo ha houa maʻu meʻatokoni ʻe ua.¹⁰

ʻI he kamataʻanga ʻo e senituli 20, naʻe fokotuʻu ai ha founga foʻou ki hono taukaveʻi e moʻui leleí ʻo tuʻuaki ʻa e ʻaukaí ko ha meʻa ʻoku lelei fakatuʻasino mo fakalaumālie.¹¹ Naʻe toe fakatokangaʻi foki ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻa e ngaahi lelei ʻo e ʻaukaí, ka ko e konga lahi ʻo ʻenau lea ʻi he konifelenisi lahí, naʻa nau fakamamafaʻi hono mahuʻinga ʻo e foungá ni ko ha founga ke tokoniʻi ai ʻa e masivá. Naʻe fakafeʻiloaki ʻe Palesiteni Siosefa F. Sāmita ha polokalama foaki ʻaukai ʻa ia ʻe lava ai ʻe he kau pīsope mo e kau palesiteni fakasiteiki fakalotofonuá ʻo tānaki mo tufaki vave ʻa e ngaahi foaki ʻaukaí kiate kinautolu ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá.¹² ʻI he fakaʻau ke lahi ange hono ngāue ʻaki e paʻangá ko e foaki ʻaukaí, naʻe faʻu leva ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ha sīpinga tefito ʻa ia ʻe lava ke ʻave ai ʻa e paʻangá ki he masivá—ʻo ʻuluaki ʻi he ngaahi uōtí, pea hoko atu ki he ngaahi siteikí, pea toki ʻave leva ki he ngaahi feituʻu kehe ʻoku nau faingataʻaʻiá. Kuo hokohoko atu e founga foaki ʻaukai ko ʻení ʻo aʻu ki he senituli 21, ko ha ngāue mahuʻinga ʻo e mateaki mo e tokoni ʻofa fakaetangata maʻá e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí fakaemāmani lahi.¹³

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

Glen M. Leonard, “Why do we hold fast and testimony meeting on the first Sunday of the month?,” Ensign, Mar. 1998, 60–61.

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

• A. Dean Wengreen, “The Origin and History of the Fast Day in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1896” (master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 1955), scholarsarchive.byu.edu.

• Bruce D. Blumell, “Welfare before Welfare: Twentieth Century LDS Church Charity before the Great Depression,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 6 (1979), 89–106.

• R. Marie Griffith, Born Again Bodies: Flesh and Spirit in American Christianity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004).

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

1. R. Marie Griffith, Born Again Bodies: Flesh and Spirit in American Christianity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 33–37.

2. Joseph Smith, “Revelation, 7 August 1831 [D&C 59],” 1, josephsmithpapers.org.

3. Joseph Smith, “Revelation, 27–28 December 1832 [D&C 88:1–126],” in Revelation Book 2, pp. 39–40, 45–46, josephsmithpapers.org.

4. “Minutes, 23 March 1833–A,” in Minute Book 1, 18–19, josephsmithpapers.org; John Murdock, April 13th, 1833,” John Murdock Journal typescript, John Murdock Journal and autobiography, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Joseph Smith, “Revelation, 29 March 1836–A,” in Journal, 1835–1836, 186, josephsmithpapers.org. Vakai foki, Tefitó: Akoʻanga ʻo e Kau Palōfitá.

5. Kuo poupouʻi ʻe he ngaahi kulupu fale alea fakakoloniá, siteití, mo e puleʻangá ha ngaahi fanongonongo mo ha ngaahi tukupā ʻi he ʻaho ʻaukaí lolotonga e ngaahi vahaʻataimi ʻo e taú mo e tō e ngaahi toʻu mahakí. Naʻe faʻa vaheʻi ʻe he faʻahinga tukupā peheé ha ʻaho ʻi he uiké pe ko ha ʻaho pau ki he ʻaukai mo e lotu fakafonuá ke fakatahaʻi ʻa e kau tangataʻi fonuá ʻi he fekumi ki he tokoni fakalangi ʻa e ʻOtuá. Kuo ikunaʻi ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻi Ketilaní ha mahaki fakaʻauha kōlela ʻi he 1832 lolotonga ia ʻoku feinga ha ngaahi siteiti fale alea ʻe niʻihi mo e Fale Alea ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ke fokotuʻu ha ʻaho ʻaukai angamaheni maʻá e fonuá. Vakai, “Resolution of the House of Burgesses Designating a Day of Fasting and Prayer, 24 May 1774,” Thomas Jefferson Papers, United States National Archives; Adam Jortner, “Cholera, Christ, and Jackson: The Epidemic of 1832 and the Origins of Christian Politics in Antebellum America,” Journal of the Early Republic, vol. 27, no. 2 (2007), 233–64.

6. Eliza R. Snow, Biography and Family Record of Lorenzo Snow (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Company Printers, 1884), 12–13; Oliver B. Huntington, “Fast Days in Kirtland Temple,” Young Women’s Journal, vol. 8 (1896), 239; Brigham Young, Discourse, 8 Dec. 1867, in Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (London: Latter-day Saints’ Book Depot, 1854–1886), 12:115.

7. Joseph Smith, “Discourse, 30 July 1840, as Reported by John Smith,” josephsmithpapers.org; Joseph Smith, “Discourse, 20 March 1842, as Reported by Wilford Woodruff,” in Wilford Woodruff, Diary, 138, josephsmithpapers.org; A. Dean Wengreen, “The Origin and History of the Fast Day in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1896” (master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 1955), 18–25.

8. Wengreen, “Origin and History of the Fast Day,” 43–45, 57–58.

9. Vakai, Tefito: Lao Fakafepaki ki he Mali Tokolahí. Vakai foki, “Letter to the Presidents of Stakes and Their Counselors,” 2 Dec. 1889, in James R. Clark, ed., Messages of the First Presidency, 6 vols. (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1966), 3:176–177.

10. Wilford Woodruff, George Q. Cannon, and Joseph F. Smith, “An Address,” 5 Nov. 1896, in Clark, ed., Messages of the First Presidency, 3:281–82; Wengreen, “Origin and History of the Fast Day,” 71.

11. Marie Griffith, “Apostles of Abstinence: Fasting and Masculinity during the Progressive Era,” American Quarterly, vol. 52, no. 4 (2000), 599–638; vakai foki, Griffith, Born Again Bodies.

12. Joseph F. Smith, October 1915 general conference, 4–5; Thomas G. Alexander, Mormonism in Transition: A History of the Latter-day Saints, 1890–1930 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996), 95.

13. H. Lester Peterson, “The Magnitude of the Fast Offerings Paid in the Stakes of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1916–1936,” (master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 1938), 19; Clark, ed., Messages of the First Presidency, 4:195; “Latter-day Saints Asked to Fast, Pray on Sunday,” Church News, Aug. 18, 1945, 1; William G. Hartley, “Mormon Sundays,” Ensign, Jan. 1978, 19–25; Glen M. Leonard, “Why do we hold fast and testimony meeting on the first Sunday of the month?,” Ensign, Mar. 1998, 60–61.