Ngaahi Hopo ʻa Liiti Simutí

Naʻe fili ʻa Liiti Simuti ki he Fale Alea ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he 1903 lolotonga ʻene hoko ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá. Naʻe ueʻi ʻe he fakafepaki ki he fili ʻa Simutí ʻe ha kau ʻAmelika naʻa nau kei huʻuhuʻu fekauʻaki mo hono fakahoko ʻe he Siasí ʻa e mali tokolahí, ha ngaahi hopo hokohoko ʻi ha taʻu ʻe fā ke fakapapauʻi pe ʻoku totonu ke kei maʻu ʻe Simuti ʻa e lakanga ʻi he puleʻangá. Naʻe fakatupu ʻe he ngaahi hopó ha fakakikihi lahi fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi tui, founga ngāue, mo e ngaahi ngāue ʻi he lotoʻi Siasí, ʻi he fakamoʻoni ha kau fakamoʻoni ne laka hake ʻi he toko teau tupú ʻi he haʻohaʻonga ʻo e Fale Aleá fekauʻaki mo e meimei “tuʻunga makehe kotoa pē” ʻo e moʻui fakalotu ʻa Simutí.¹

ʻI he 1895, naʻe tuku atu ai ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ha “Fanongonongo Fakapolitikale” ʻo fie maʻu ai ʻenau fakangofuá kimuʻa pea toki lava e Kau Taki Māʻolungá ʻo fili ki ha tuʻunga fakapolitikale.² Naʻe maʻu ʻe Simuti ha ngofua mei he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ʻi he 1902 ke fili ko ha Fakafofonga ʻo e Siteití ki he Fale Alea ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití pea naʻe fili ia ʻe he fale alea ʻo e siteiti ʻIutaá ʻi he taʻu hono hokó.³ Naʻe kole ʻe he Kautaha Taki Palotisani ʻi Sōleki Sití mo ha ngaahi siasi Palotisani mo ha ngaahi kulupu fakalakalaka ki he totonú, ki he palesiteni mo e Fale Alea ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ke ʻoua naʻa fakaʻatā ʻa Simuti ke hoko ko ha Fakafofonga ʻo e Siteití. Naʻe pehē ʻe he kau fakaangá, neongo kuo fanongonongo ʻe he Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí, Uilifooti Utalafi ʻa e fakangata ʻo e poupou ʻa e Siasí ki he mali tokolahí, ka naʻe kei hokohoko atu pē hono fakahoko ʻe he kau mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá mo e kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí pea naʻe halaia ai ʻa Simuti ʻi hono maumauʻi e ngaahi lao ki hono fakafepakiʻi ʻo e mali tokolahí.⁴

ʻI he kamataʻangá, naʻe tala ʻe he kau fakaangá ko ha tokotaha mali tokolahi ʻa Simuti, ka naʻe ʻikai ke ne fai pehē. Ka naʻe vave ʻenau tafoki ki he ngaahi tukuakiʻi naʻe ʻikai mateakiʻi ʻe Simuti ʻa e fonuá koeʻuhí ko hono tuʻunga ko e ʻAposetolo ʻi he Siasí. Neongo naʻe fakamoʻoniʻi fakalao ʻe he fale alea ʻIutaá ʻa e filí pea foaki kia Simuti hono lakangá, ka naʻe fakakaukau ʻa e Kōmiti ʻo e Fale Aleá ʻi he Ngaahi Faingamālié mo e Filí (Senateʻs Committee on Privileges and Elections) ke fakahoko ha ngaahi hopo fakapuleʻanga, ʻa ia naʻe kamata ʻi Fēpueli ʻo e 1904.⁵ Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe ha kau fakafofonga ʻe niʻihi, kau ai ʻa Suliasi Sisa Pulousa ko e sea ʻo e kōmití ʻenau taumuʻa ke ngāue ʻaki e momeniti fakapolitikale ko ʻení ke hopoʻi ai ʻa e Siasí kae ʻikai ko Simuti.⁶

Lolotonga e hopó, naʻe fanongo e kōmití mei ha kau fakamoʻoni tokolahi, kau ai ha kau taki ʻiloa ʻo e Siasí. Naʻe kau ʻi he niʻihi ko ʻení ha kau mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá mo e Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí, Siosefa F. Sāmita. ʻI he ʻaho ʻe tolu, ne fakaʻekeʻeke ai ʻe he kau mēmipa ʻo e kōmití ʻa Palesiteni Sāmita fekauʻaki mo hono fakamavahevaheʻi ʻo e siasí mo e siteití. Naʻa nau fakafehuʻi ia pe ʻe falalaʻanga nai ʻa e Kāingalotú ke nau tauhi e laó neongo pe ko e hā ʻa e fakahaá. Naʻe fakalahi ʻe ha ngaahi nusipepa lahi ʻa e fakaʻeke naʻe fakahokó. Naʻa nau fakatātā ʻa e sea ʻo e kōmití, Suliasi Sita Pulousi ki ha tokotaha fakatotolo naʻá ne taumuʻa ke fakapapauʻi naʻe “talangofua [ʻa e kau taki ʻo e Siasí] ki he laó” pea ko ha tokotaha mali tokolahi ʻa Palesiteni Sāmita naʻe feinga ke fakakoviʻi ʻa e puleʻangá.⁷ Naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe Palesiteni Sāmita ki he kōmití naʻá ne fakahinohinoʻi e Kāingalotú ke nau tauhi ʻa e laó mo toe fakamahino ange ʻene tui ki he totonu fakataautaha ʻi he konisēnisi fakalotú. Naʻá ne palōmesi foki te ne fai ha fakamatala ki he kakaí ke fakamahinoʻi ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e Siasí ʻi he mali tokolahí. ʻI he konifelenisi lahi ʻo e māhina hono hokó naʻá ne tuku atu ai ha “Fanongonongo Fakamafaiʻi Hono Ua,” ʻa ia naʻe fakahā ai ʻe tuʻusi ha ʻōfisa pe mēmipa ʻo e Siasí ʻokú ne fakahoko ʻa e mali tokolahí.⁸

Neongo naʻá ne ʻi he uhouhonga ʻo e tipeiti faingataʻa ko ʻení, ka naʻe kei maʻu pē ʻe Simuti hono lakangá ʻi ha fili Fakafofonga kakato ʻi he 1907 peá ne ngāue atu ai ʻi ha toe taʻu ʻe 26.⁹ Lolotonga ʻene ngāue fakapolitikalé, naʻá ne fokotuʻutuʻu ha ngaahi fakataha mātuʻaki lelei fakatipilomētika ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kau taki ʻo e Siasí mo e kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻanga ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo ʻIulopé. Naʻe fakatupulaki ʻe heʻene ngāue fakaeʻaposetoló mo fakapolitikalé ʻa e ngaahi vā fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻa e Siasí, tautautefito ki hono maʻu ʻo e ngaahi visa maʻá e kau faifekau ʻAmeliká ke nau ngāue ʻi muli hili ʻa e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono I. Neongo naʻe ʻikai ola lelei ʻa e hopó ke taʻofi ai hano maʻu ʻe Simuti ha ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻui ʻi he Fale Aleá, ka naʻa nau fokotuʻu ai ha vā fetuʻutaki ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Siasí mo e puleʻanga ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Naʻe kamata ke toe fokotuʻutuʻu ʻe he Siasí ʻene ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikalé lolotonga ia naʻe mavahe ʻa e puleʻangá mei hono fai ha ngaahi sivisiviʻi fakalotu ʻo e kau ngāue fakapolitikale ʻa e Siasí.¹⁰

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

“The Manifesto and the End of Plural Marriage,” Gospel Topics Essays, https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics-essays/the-manifesto-and-the-end-of-plural-marriage.

“The Manifesto and the End of Polygamy,” Gospel Media, https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/media/video/2018-03-0030-the-manifesto-and-the-end-of-polygamy.

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

Kathleen Flake, The Politics of American Religious Identity: The Seating of Senator Reed Smoot, Mormon Apostle (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004).

Konden R. Smith, “The Reed Smoot Hearings and the Theology of Politics: Perceiving an ‘American’ Identity,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 35, no. 3 (2009), 118–62.

Michael H. Paulos, “Under the Gun at the Smoot Hearings: Joseph F. Smith’s Testimony,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 34, no. 4 (2008), 181–225.

Michael Harold Paulos and Konden Smith Hansen, eds., The Reed Smoot Hearings: The Investigation of a Mormon Senator and the Transformation of an American Religion (Logan: Utah State University Press, 2021).

United States Senate, Committee of Privileges and Elections, Proceedings before the Committee on Privileges and Elections of the United States Senate in the Matter of the Protests against the Right of Hon. Reed Smoot, a Senator from the State of Utah, to Hold His Seat, 4 vols. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904–1906).

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Ngaahi Faʻunga Fakalao mo Fakapolitikale ʻo ʻAmeliká, Lao Fakafepaki ki he Mali Tokolahí, Fanongonongo Fakamafaiʻí, Political Neutrality (Tauʻatāina Fakapolitikalé)

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

1. Kathleen Flake, The Politics of American Religious Identity: The Seating of Senator Reed Smoot, Mormon Apostle (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 2–13. Vakai foki, Tefitó: Ngaahi Faʻunga Fakalao mo Fakapolitikale ʻo ʻAmeliká.

2. Vakai, Tefitó: Tauʻatāina Fakapolitikalé (Political Neutrality).

3. Naʻe ʻikai fili ʻa e kau Fakafofonga ʻi ʻIutaá ʻaki e fili e manakoá ʻi he taimi ko iá ka ʻi he fale alea ʻo e siteití.

4. Flake, Politics of American Religious Identity, 13. Vakai foki, Ngaahi Tefitó: Lao Fakafepaki ki he Mali Tokolahí, Fanongonongo Fakamafaiʻí.

5. Flake, Politics of American Religious Identity, 22, 34–35.

6. Harvard S. Heath, “The Reed Smoot Hearings: A Quest for Legitimacy,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 33, no. 2 (Summer 2007), 25–26.

7. Flake, Politics of American Religious Identity, 63.

8. Michael H. Paulos, “Under the Gun at the Smoot Hearings: Joseph F. Smith’s Testimony,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 34, no. 4 (2008), 181–225; vakai foki, “The Manifesto and the End of Plural Marriage,” Gospel Topics Essays, https://www.ChurchofJesusChrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics-essays/the-manifesto-and-the-end-of-plural-marriage.

9. Flake, Politics of American Religious Identity, 145, 176.

10. Flake, Politics of American Religious Identity, 158, 172–76.