Patalione Māmongá

‘I he taimi naʻe tuli fakamālohiʻi ai e Kau Māʻoniʻoní mei Nāvū ʻi he 1846, ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi faingataʻa lahi taha naʻa nau fehangahangai mo iá ko hono fakapaʻanga ʻo e fehikitakí. Ne fie tokoni e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ke poupouʻi e kotoa ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, tautautefito ki he niʻihi masivesiva naʻa nau fie kau atu ki he tānakí.¹ ʻI he ʻikai lava e ngaahi feinga ke fakatau e Temipale Nāvuú mo e ngaahi koloa kehe ʻa e Siasí, ne fekauʻi ai ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻa Sese Lītolo, ko ha taki ʻo e ngaahi kolo ʻo e Siasí ʻi he fakahahake ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ke ne kole ha tokoni mei he puleʻangá. Ne fakataha ʻa Lītolo mo Tōmasi L. Keini, ko ha tokotaha taukapoʻi ʻo e ngaahi totonú naʻá ne ongoʻi e ngaahi faingataʻaʻia ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoní peá ne tokoni ke fokotuʻutuʻu ha fakataha mo e palesiteni ʻo ʻAmeliká, Sēmisi K. Polokó.²

ʻI ha ngaahi ʻaho siʻi kimuʻa pea tūʻuta ʻa Lītolo mo Keini ʻi Uasingatoni, D.C., ne fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he Fale Alea ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití te nau tau mo Mekisikou, pea kuo tuʻutuʻuni ʻe Palesiteni Poloko e kau tau patalione ne ʻi he Tonga-hihifo ʻo ʻAmeliká ke nau ʻohofi.³ Lolotonga ‘ene fakataha mo Polokó, naʻe fakalotoʻi ai ʻe Lītolo ʻa e palesitení ke ne ʻomi ha kau sōtia mei he Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, ʻa ia naʻa nau ofi ange ki he feituʻu ne fai ai e taú ʻi he tokolahi taha ʻo e kau ʻAmelika kehé. Ne ʻiloʻi ʻe Lītolo ʻe ala lava ke tokoni e vahe ʻa e kau sōtiá ki he hiki ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoní.⁴

ʻI Sune ʻo e 1846, ne aʻu mai e kau ʻōfisa fakakautaú ki he Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimuí Ni he Vahefonua ʻAiouaá, ke uki ha kau sōtia ʻe toko 500 ke fai fatongia ʻi ha taʻu ʻe taha. Ne fakatupu huʻuhuʻu e fokotuʻú ni ki he Kau Māʻoniʻoni tokolahi ʻa ia ne toki fakamālohiʻi pē mei honau ngaahi ʻapí taʻe maluʻi ʻe he puleʻangá. Naʻe lipooti ʻe Taniela B. Loasoni ʻo pehē, “Naʻá ku ʻita ki he Puleʻanga kuó ne tuku ke ʻohofi mo fakamālohiʻi au mei hoku ʻapí.” Hili ha taimi nounou mei ai, ne tūʻuta ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi mo e kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí ʻi he ʻapitangá. Ne hoko atu ʻa Loasoni ʻo pehē, “Naʻa nau pehē ʻoku fakafalala ʻa e fakamoʻui ʻo ʻIsilelí ʻi hono tānaki ʻo e kau taú. Ne liliu ʻeku fakakaukaú ʻi heʻeku fanongo ki he meʻá ni. Naʻá ku ongoʻi ko hoku fatongia ia ke u ʻalu.”⁵

Ko ha tānaki ʻo e Patalione Māmongá.

ʻI he angalelei ʻa e Potungāue Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí

Hili pē ha lava ʻe he kau ʻōfisa fakakautaú ʻo fakakato ha kulupu ʻe fā ʻo taki 100, ne fanongonongo ʻe ʻEikitau Sēmisi ʻĒleni hono tānaki ʻo e Patalione Māmongá, ko e Kau Tau ʻIunaiteti Siteiti ʻo e Hihifó. Ne fakalotolahiʻi ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi e kau sōtiá ke tauhi ʻenau ngaahi fuakava fakalotú mo fakaʻapaʻapaʻi e kau Mekisikou mo e niʻihi kehe naʻa nau fehangahangai mo iá. Naʻá ne palōmesi ange ʻe tokangaʻi honau ngaahi fāmilí pea ʻe ʻikai ke nau fehangahangai mo ha tau. ʻI he ʻaho 20 ʻo Siulaí, ne mavahe atu ha ngaahi kulupu ki Footi Lēveniuefi ʻi he Vahefonua Kenisasí, mo ha kau fefine ne tokolahi hake he 34 mo e fānau ʻe toko 44 ʻo kau atu ki he laká.⁶ Hili ha ‘aho ʻe ua mei ai, ne toe mavahe atu ha kulupu ʻo ha kau tangata ʻe toko 100. Ne tohi ʻe Sākeasi Seni “ne tō e loʻimatá ʻo hangē ko e ʻuhá” ʻi he lea fakamāvae ʻa e ngaahi fāmilí ki he kau sōtiá.⁷

Ne muimui atu e laka ʻa e patalioné ʻi he ngaah ʻiuniti fakakautau kehé, ʻo fakapapauʻi ko e lahi taha ʻo e laka ʻa e kau sōtia patalioné naʻe ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku puleʻi ʻe he ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Neongo ne ui kinautolu ke nau puke e kolo ko Tūsoní (ʻoku ʻi ʻAlesona he taimí ni) mo maluʻi e Kau ʻInitia Pauma ʻi Temekulá (ʻoku ʻi Kalefōnia he taimí ni), ka naʻe teʻeki ai ke nau kau atu ki ha fetauʻaki.⁸ Ko e meʻa kovi taha naʻe hokó ko hano tuli ʻe ha fanga pulu tau kaivao ʻa e kau sōtiá lolotonga haʻanau afe ke maʻu ha vai ʻi he Vaitafe Seni Peteloó. Ne mate ha miuli ʻe tolu pea kafo ha kau tangata ʻe toko tolu ʻi he tuku lele ko ʻení, ka naʻe ʻikai mate ai ha kau sōtia.

ʻI heʻenau tūʻuta ʻi Sani Tiakó ʻi ha māhina nai ʻe ono hili ʻenau mavahe mei ʻAiouaá, kuo laka e patalioné ʻi ha meimei maile ʻe 2,000, ʻo hoko ai e laka ko ʻení ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi laka lōloa taha ʻi he hisitōlia fakakautau ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Kuo ʻosi lelei e tau ʻi Kalefōniá ʻi he taimi ko ʻení, pea ne vahe ai e kau sōtia patalioné ki he ngaahi fatongia ʻi he nofoʻanga fakakautaú ʻi Sani Tiako, Seni Luisi Lī, mo Losi ʻEniselisi. Ne mahuʻinga ʻenau totongí ki hono fakapaʻanga e hiki ʻo honau ngaahi fāmilí mo e niʻihi kehé ki he Teleʻa Sōleikí.

Fakatātā ʻo e Patalione Māmongá lolotonga ʻene laká, tā ʻe he tokotaha tā valivali ko Siaosi ʻOtingikā.

ʻI he angalelei ʻa e Potungāue Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí

Naʻe fonongaʻia ʻe he kau sōtia patalioné ha ngaahi hala ki he hahaké ke toe fakataha mo honau ngaahi fāmilí ʻi ʻIutā. Ne ngāue ha niʻihi ʻo e kau sōtia ko ʻení ʻi ha kiʻi taimi nounou he Fahiʻanga Papa Satá pea maʻu ha koula ʻi he 1848, ʻo kamata ai e fakavave lahi taha ki he koulá ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo ʻAmeliká.⁹ Ne ʻilo ʻe ha kulupu ʻe taha pea nau tanu ha toenga ʻo ha kulupu hikifonua ne ʻikai iku lelei ʻa ia ne ʻiloa ko e Kulupu Touná. Ka naʻe langa ʻe ha niʻihi kehe ia ha hala foʻou ʻo fou atu ʻi he ʻotu moʻunga Siela Nevatá. Ne aʻu ʻa e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau sōtiá ki he Vahefonua ʻIutaá ʻi he konga kimui ʻo e 1840 tupú mo e konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1850 tupú.

ʻOku fakamanatua ʻe he Feituʻu Fakahisitōlia Patalione Māmonga ʻo e Siasí ʻi Sani Tiakó e ngāue mo e ngaahi feilaulau ʻa e kau sōtiá mo honau ngaahi fāmilí.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻo e Siasí

Brandon J. Metcalf, “Four Things to Know about the Journey of the Mormon Battalion: An Expedition of Faith and Sacrifice,” Historic Sites, Jan. 24, 2018, history.lds.org.

Lance B. Wickman, “From Iowa to Immortality: A Tribute to the Mormon Battalion,” Ensign, July 2007, 22–27.

“What to Expect When You Visit the Mormon Battalion Historic Site in San Diego,” Historic Sites, Sept. 13, 2017, history.lds.org.

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau fakamoʻoniʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

Norma Baldwin Ricketts, The Mormon Battalion: U.S. Army of the West, 1846–1848 (Logan: Utah State University Press, 1996).

Sherman L. Fleek, History May Be Searched in Vain: A Military History of the Mormon Battalion (Spokane, Washington: Arthur H. Clark, 2006).

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Tōmasi L. mo ʻElisapeti Keini, Fakavave ki he Koula ʻo Kalefōniá, Mavahe mei Nāvuú, Mexican-American War

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. Vakai ki he Tefito: Mavahe mei Nāvuú

2. Vakai ki he Tefito: Tōmasi L. mo ʻElisapeti Keini.

3. Vakai ki he Tefito: Mexican-American War.

4. Matthew J. Grow, “Liberty to the Downtrodden”: Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 47–59.

5. Daniel B. Rawson, quoted in Norma Baldwin Ricketts, The Mormon Battalion: U.S. Army of the West, 1846–1848 (Logan: Utah State University Press, 1996), 13; Daniel B. Rawson, quoted in Samantha Dalena Rawson Rose, “A Copy of a History of Daniel Berry Rawson,” 7–8, Rawson Family Histories, circa 1950, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

6. Ne mavahe ha kulupu fika nima ki Footi Lēveniuefi hili ha ʻaho ʻe ua, ʻi haʻanau fiu feinga ke uki ha kau sōtia feʻunga ke fakakakato e patalioné.

7. Zacheus Cheney, quoted in Ricketts, The Mormon Battalion, 17.

8. Ne puleʻi ʻa Tūsoni ʻe Mekisikou ʻi he tūʻuta ʻa e patalioné, ka naʻe tukulolo ʻa e kau sōtia Mekisikoú ʻo foaki e feituʻú taʻe fai ha feʻohofaki. Ne aʻu pē ki hano foaki ʻe he kakai Mekisikoú mo e Kakai Tuʻufonua ʻo ʻAmeliká ha meʻakai maʻá e kau sōtia ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní.

9. Vakai ki he Tefito: Fakavave ki he Koula ʻo Kalefōniá.