Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Ngaahi Kolo ʻo e Kau Sōtiá

“Ngaahi Kolo ʻo e Kau Sōtiá,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí (2022)

“Ngaahi Kolo ʻo e Kau Sōtiá,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí

Ngaahi Kolo ʻo e Kau Sōtiá

Kuo kau e Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi he ngaahi kulupu fakakautau kehekehe mo e ngaahi vaʻa fakatipilomētika talu e fuofua kau e kāingalotu he kamakamata ʻa e Siasí ki he ngaahi ʻiuniti fakakautaú ʻi he 1800 tupú. Naʻe ʻomi ʻe he ngāue fakakautau ʻi mulí ʻi he senituli 20 ha ngaahi pole foʻou ki he fokotuʻutuʻu mo e fakafeohi ʻa e ngaahi haʻofanga ʻa e Siasí, ʻi he fiemaʻu maʻu pē ʻe he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakakautau mo fakatipilomētiká ke hiki ʻa e kau sōtiá mo honau ngaahi fāmilí ki ha fonua muli. Lolotonga e vahaʻataimi ʻo e fekeʻikeʻí, naʻe kau ha Kāingalotu tokolahi ange mei he ngaahi puleʻanga kehekehe pe ui ke ngāue fakakautau, ʻa ia naʻe fiemaʻu ai hono fokotuʻu ha ngaahi kolo fakataimi mo ha founga fetuʻutaki makehe. Hili e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani hono II, naʻe tokoni e ngaahi kolo ʻo e kau sōtiá ki hono fakalahi e tokoni fakalotofonua ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu naʻe teʻeki maʻu ʻe he Siasí kimuʻa ha faingamālie lahi ke fokotuʻu ai ha ngaahi haʻofanga lotu taimi lōloá.

Ngāue Fakakautau ʻi he Senituli 19

Ko e konga lahi ʻo e hisitōlia ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití he kamataʻangá, ʻa ia ne fakataha ai e ʻuluaki toʻu tangata ʻo e Kāingalotú, naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu fakasiokālafi e ngaahi ʻiuniti fakakautaú. Naʻe fakatahaʻi ʻe he ngaahi komiunitī Siasi ʻi Mīsuli, ʻIlinoi, ʻIutaá ʻa e ngaahi ʻiuniti fakakautau ne ʻi ai e kau mēmipa ʻo e Siasí, ʻo hoko ai e kau taki fakalotofonua ʻo e Siasí ko ha kau komanitoa.1 Ko e taimi ʻe niʻihi, naʻe kau ʻi he ngaahi ʻiuniti fakakautaú ha Kāingalotu ngāue tokoni ʻo e Siasí ne nau kau ʻi he Regular Army ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití.2 Ko e ngaahi ʻiuniti Siasi ʻe niʻihi, hangē ko e Patalione Māmonga ʻiloá, naʻa nau tau maʻá e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he Tau ʻa Mekisikou mo ʻAmeliká (1846–48), ko e Tau Fakalotofonua ʻi ʻAmeliká (1861–65), ko e Tau Sipeini-ʻAmeliká (1898), mo e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani hono I (1914–18).3

Lolotonga e Tau Sipeini-ʻAmeliká, naʻe fāinga ʻa ʻIlaiasi S. Kimipolo, ko e fuofua faifekau fakakautau ʻo e Siasí ʻi he kau tau ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ke potupotutatau ʻa e tuʻunga fakalotu ʻo hono fatongiá mo e ngaahi fiemaʻu pau ʻa e kau sōtia Siasi ne vahe ange ki heʻene kongakaú. ʻI he ʻikai lava ʻo fakahoko e ngaahi houalotu angamahení mo hono taʻofi mei hono fakahoko ha faleʻi pau ki he ngaahi tui mo e tokāteline ʻa e Siasí, naʻe faʻa ongoʻi loto-mamahi ʻa Kimipolo, ko ha aʻusia ʻe foua ʻe he kau faifekau fakakautau ʻo e Siasí ʻamui angé.4 Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ha ngaahi fale nofoʻanga maʻá e kau sōtia Siasi ʻi he ngaahi ʻiuniti fakakautau kehé. Naʻa nau poupouʻi e ngaahi uooti mo e ngaahi kolo ʻoku ʻi ai e kau mēmipa ʻi he vaʻa fakakautaú ke nau ʻave ha folofola, tohi ʻa e Siasí, mo faitohi maʻu pē ki heʻenau kau sōtiá. Naʻa nau tapou ki he kau mēmipa ʻo e ngaahi uooti mo e kolo ofi ki he ngaahi ʻapitanga taú ke fakaafeʻi e kau sōtiá ke nau kau ki he ngaahi lotu fakalotofonuá mo feohi mo kinautolu ʻi hano fiemaʻu. Naʻe faʻa fakangofua ha kau sōtia ne lolotonga kau ʻi he taú pe ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu mavahe ke fokotuʻu ʻenau ngaahi kulupu Kautaha Mutuale Fakalakalaka (MIA), ʻa ia naʻe fokotuʻu ʻa e fuofua kulupú ʻi he 1898 ofi ki Manila, Filipaini, lolotonga e Tau ʻa Manilá.5 ʻI he tokoni ʻa e “Mutual Improvement Association of the Far East,” ko ʻení, naʻe fakataha ʻa e kau sōtia Siasí ke ako e folofolá, maʻu e sākalamēnití, mo kau ki he ngaahi meʻa fakasōsialé.6

Ko e Ongo Tau Lahi ʻa Māmaní

Lolotonga e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani hono I, naʻe kau ha kāingalotu tokolahi ʻo e Siasí ʻi he ongo tafaʻakí fakatouʻosi ʻo ha fekeʻikeʻi fakapuleʻanga lahi, ko e fuofua taimi ia ʻi he hisitōlia ʻa e Siasí.7 Naʻe aʻu e ngaahi faitohi angamaheni mei he ngaahi uooti mo e ngaahi kolo ʻi ʻapí ki he kau sōtia ne ngāue mei he ngaahi mālohi ʻo Siamane mo ʻAosituliá pea mo e ngaahi puleʻanga Kaungāmeʻa ʻo Pilitānia Lahí, Kānata, Nuʻusila, ʻAositelēlia, mo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Ko e taimi ʻe niʻihi, hangē ko e 13th Mounted Rifles (the so-called “Alberta Regiment”) ʻo e Kau Tau ʻa Kānatá, naʻe faʻa fakahoko ʻe ha Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ha ngaahi fakataha ʻa e Siasí. Naʻe taki ʻe Lafitani Hiu B. Palauni, ko ha Taki Māʻolunga kimui ange, ʻa e ngaahi feinga ke fai ha tokoni fakalaumālie ki he Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi heʻene kongakaú.8

ʻI he kau ʻa e Kau Tau ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ki he taú ʻi he 1917, naʻe ueʻi ai e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ke faʻu ha ngaahi polokalama foʻou ke tokoniʻi e kau sōtia Siasí. Naʻe maʻu ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻe toko tolu ha fatongia ko e kau faifekau ʻi he Kongakau ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, pea naʻe poupouʻi e kau sōtia ʻi he māmaní ke nau fekumi ki he ngaahi haʻofanga lotu fakalotofonua ʻi he feituʻu pē naʻa nau ngāue aí. Naʻe fokotuʻu ha ngaahi kulupu MIA ofi ki he ngaahi ʻapitanga ako taú pe feituʻu ako tau ʻa ia ne taʻofi ai e kau sōtiá mei heʻenau kau ki he ngaahi uooti mo e kolo angamahení.9

ʻI he kamata ʻa e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani hono Uá ʻi he 1930 tupú, naʻe ako e kau taki ʻo e Siasí mei he Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani hono I pea naʻa nau mateuteu ke fokotuʻu ha tokoni kakato ange maʻá e kau sōtiá. ʻI he 1940 mo e 1941, ʻi he fakautuutu e tokolahi ʻo e Kāingalotu ne kau ʻi he fekeʻikeʻí, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he kau takí ha ngaahi founga foʻou ki hono ʻave ʻo e ʻū tohi ʻa e Siasí mo e ngaahi fetuʻutaki ki he kau sōtia ʻi mulí. Naʻe hoko e ngaahi kulupu MIA ko e feohiʻanga tefito ʻa e Siasí ʻi he malaʻe taú. Naʻe hanga ʻe he Kōmiti Kau Sōtia Fakakautaú—ne fokotuʻu ʻi he 1941, ʻo sea ai ʻa ʻEletā Hāloti B. Lī ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá pea kouʻotineita ʻa Hiu B. Palauní—ʻo fokotuʻu ha palani tokoni ki he sōtiá naʻe kau ai ha founga totonu ki hono uiuiʻi mo vaheʻi e kau taki fakakulupu MIA.10 Naʻe pulusi foki ʻe he kōmití ʻa e Handbook for Chaplains and Group Leaders mo e ngaahi tatau iiki ʻo e folofolá mo e naunau kehe ʻa e Siasí maʻá e kau sōtiá. Ne fakahū fakataʻu e fakamatala fakamuimuitahá ki ha tohi telefoni, ʻo maʻu ai ʻe he kau sōtiá e fakamatala fetuʻutaki ʻa e ngaahi koló, uōtí, mo e misiona fakalotofonuá ʻi ha feituʻu pē naʻa nau ngāue ai. Naʻe hoko e kāingalotu fakalotofonua ʻo e Siasí ko e kau tokoni kouʻotineita ke fakafetuʻutaki ki he ngaahi nofoʻanga fakakautau ofi mai ki he haʻofanga lotu fakalotofonuá.11

Neongo naʻe fakautuutu e kau faifekau fakakautau ʻo e Siasí lolotonga e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani hono II, ka naʻe saiʻia ange ʻa e Kōmiti Kau Sōtia Fakakautaú ʻi hono uiuiʻi e kau sōtiá ko e kau taki fakakulupú. Naʻe fakaʻatā ai ke fakahoko tauʻatāina ange e ngaahi lotu ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻo ʻikai fakafepaki ki ha ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakakautau ne fiemaʻu ai e ngaahi lotu ʻoku ʻikai kau ki ha kautaha lotú. Ko e kau talavou ne vaheʻi ko e kau taki fakakulupu kimuʻa pea nau mavahe mei ʻapí, naʻa nau fokotuʻu ha ngaahi kulupu mo fakahoko ha ngaahi fakataha ʻi ha feituʻu pē ne vaheʻi kinautolu ki ai, kau ai e lolotonga ʻa e taú.12 Naʻe fokotuʻu e ngaahi kulupu MIA ʻi he feituʻu kotoa pē ʻo e taú, kau ai ha ngaahi ʻapitanga ki he kau pōpula ʻo e taú, pea ko e tokolahi ʻo e kau sōtia ne kau ki aí naʻa nau fakaʻaongaʻi e faingamālie kotoa pē ke vahevahe e ongoongoleleí mo e kau sōtia mo e kakai fakalotofonua naʻa nau fetaulakí. Ko e kau sōtia tokolahi, hangē ko L. Tomu Peuli, ko ha Malini ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo e ʻAposetolo kimui angé, naʻa nau ngāue fakataha mo e ngaahi hoa fakakautaú, ngaahi siasi kehé, mo e kau mēmipa ʻo e koló ke toe langa e ngaahi feituʻu ne maumauʻi ʻi he taú.13

Ngāue ki Mulí mo e Tupulaki ʻa e Siasí

Talu e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani hono II, kuo hokohoko atu ke poupouʻi ʻe he Siasí mo tokoniʻi e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi he vaʻa fakakautaú mo e ngāue fakatipilomētiká.14 ʻI he ngaahi konga ʻo ʻIulope, ʻĒsia, ʻAmelika Latina, ʻAfilika, mo e Pasifikí, kuo tokoni e ngaahi kolo ne fokotuʻu maʻá e ngaahi fāmili Siasi ʻi he ngāue fakakautaú mo fakatipilomētiká ki hono fakahoko e fuofua tokoni mo e takimuʻa ki hono fokotuʻu e Siasí ʻi he ngaahi puleʻanga lahi. ʻOku faʻa hoko e tupulaki vave ʻo e kāingalotú ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní ʻi he ngāue mo e feinga ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí kuo nau hiki ki he fonua mulí.15

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Tau ʻa Mekisikou mo ʻAmeliká, Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa ʻAmeliká, Spanish-American War, World War I, Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II, Tupulaki ʻa e Ngāue Fakafaifekaú

  1. Hangē ko ʻení, naʻe hoko ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ko e komanitoa ʻo e kau tau fakalotofonua ʻi Nāvuú, ko e Nauvoo Legion, mo ha seniale pilikatia. ʻI he taimi naʻe toe fokotuʻu ai ʻa e Nauvoo Legion ʻi ʻIutā ke tali ʻaki e fekeʻikeʻi ʻi he kau tau fakapuleʻanga ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo e ngaahi komiunitī fakalotofonuá, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻa Taniela H. Uēlesi, ko e ʻAposetolo mo e tokoni kia Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi he kahaʻú, ke hoko ko e ʻōfisa pulé. Vakai, “Nauvoo Legion,” Joseph Smith Papers, https://josephsmithpapers.org/topic/nauvoo-legion; Daniel H. Wells, Special Orders, 25 June 1849, Territorial Militia Records, Utah, 1849–1877, Utah State Archives, Salt Lake City, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95XQ-QZY.

  2. ʻI he taimi naʻe kau ai e kau tau fakalotofonuá ʻi he ngaahi vaʻa fakakautau ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, naʻe tokosiʻi ange ʻa e Regular Army ʻi he kau tau fakamahafu fakapalofesinalé. Lolotonga e 1800 tupú, ʻi hono fakamafaiʻi e Regular Army ʻe ha tala tau ʻa e falealeá, te nau ui e kau sōtiá ko e ngaahi ʻiuniti “kau tau fie tokoní”.

  3. Vakai ki he Ngaahi Tefitó: Patalione Māmongá, Tau ʻa Mekisikou mo ʻAmeliká, Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa ʻAmeliká, Spanish-American War, World War I.

  4. James I. Mangum, “The Spanish-American and Philippine Wars,” in Robert C. Freeman, ed., Nineteenth-Century Saints at War (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, 2007), 168, 171–72.

  5. George Seaman, “The ‘Far East’ Improvement Association,” Improvement Era, Dec. 1898, 152–54.

  6. Mangum, “The Spanish-American and Philippine Wars,” 179–81.

  7. Vakai ki he Tefito: World War I.

  8. James I. Mangum, “The Influence of the First World War on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints” (master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 2006), 4.

  9. Robert C. Freeman and Andrew C. Skinner, Saints at War: World War I (Springville, Utah: Cedar Fort Press, 2018), 57–58, 119–24, 138.

  10. “Elder Brown Is Named to New Post,” Deseret News, Apr. 28, 1941, 9; Eugene E. Campbell and Richard D. Poll, Hugh B. Brown: His Life and Thought (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1975), 144; David L. Clark, “Hugh B. Brown’s Program for Latter-day Saint Servicemen during WWII,” Interpreter, vol. 34 (2020), 143–60.

  11. First Presidency, Letter to Bishops and Stake Presidents, 6 Aug. 1941, Servicemen’s Committee Circular Letters, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; First Presidency, Letter to Bishops and Stake Presidents, 14 Oct. 1942, Servicemen’s Committee Circular Letters, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

  12. Robert C. Freeman and Dennis A. Wright, Saints at War: Experiences of Latter-day Saints in World War II (American Fork, Utah: Covenant Communications, 2001), 190–93.

  13. Colleen Whitley, “Prisoners of War Minutes of Meetings of Latter-day Saint Servicemen Held in Stulag Luft 1, Barth, Germany,” BYU Studies, vol. 37, no. 1 (1997–98), 207–17; Freeman and Wright, Saints at War, 45–46, 57–61, 153–54, 174, 184, 203–5; Lee Tom Perry, L. Tom Perry: An Uncommon Life (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2013), 126–31; vakai foki, “Lifetimes of Service,” Global Histories: Netherlands, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “The Lord Is Smiling on the Philippines,” Global Histories: Philippines, ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

  14. Vakai, “Military Relations and Chaplain Services,” military.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

  15. Hangē ko ʻení, vakai ki he, Perry, An Uncommon Life, 126–39; Frederick S. Williams and Frederick G. Williams, From Acorn to Oak Tree: A Personal History of the Establishment and the First Quarter Development of the South American Missions (Fullerton, California: Et Cetera, 1987), 195; Tefitó: Tupulaki ʻa e Ngāue Fakafaifekaú; “The Lord Is Smiling on the Philippines,” Global Histories: Philippines, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “Feed My Sheep,” Global Histories: South Korea, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “Tatsui Sato: Translator for Life,” Global Histories: Japan, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “The Gathering of Saints in Rwanda,” Global Histories: Rwanda, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “Bringing the Gospel to the Congo,” Global Histories: Democratic Republic of the Congo, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “The Timing of the Lord,” Global Histories: Spain, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “Clear and Wonderful,” Global Histories: Haiti, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “The Book of Mormon Seemed to Be Speaking,” Global Histories: Panama, ChurchofJesusChrist.org; “I Need to Open Up the Doors,” Global Histories: Guam, ChurchofJesusChrist.org.