Nauvoo Expositor

ʻI he ʻaho 7  ʻo Sune, 1844, naʻe pulusi ʻe he niʻihi ne mavahe mei he Siasí ha tatau pē ʻe taha ʻo ha nusipepa fakafepaki naʻa nau ui ko e Nauvoo Expositor. Ko e kau faipulusí ko ha kau mēmipa ki muʻa ʻo e Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí, Uiliami Lao; tokoua ʻo Laó ko Uilisoni; Sālesi ʻAiveni; Sālesi mo Lōpeti Fositā; mo Falanisisi mo Sionisī Hikipī.¹ Naʻe pulusi ʻe he kau angatuʻú, ko e tokolahi tahá ne toki tuʻusi mei he Siasí, ʻa e Expositor ke fakatupu ha fakakikihi ʻi he ngaahi ngāue mo e ngaahi akonaki ʻa ia naʻa naʻa nau fakafepakiʻi lahí. Naʻa nau lau ʻenau taʻefiemālié ʻi ha ngaahi lea taʻetaau, ki he mali tokolahí, ngaahi akonaki ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki he natula ʻo e ʻOtuá mei heʻene malanga ne toki fakahoko ʻia Kingi Foietí, pea mo hono fakatahaʻi hono mafai fakalotu mo fakapuleʻanga ʻi Nāvuú.²

ʻI he Tokonaki ʻaho 8  ʻo Suné, mo e Mōnite 10  ʻo Sune ne hoko aí, naʻe aleaʻi ʻe he Fakataha Alēlea ʻo Nāvuú ha palani ngāue. Naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaahi ʻuhinga lahi naʻe ongoʻi ai ʻe he fakataha alēleá naʻe fie maʻu ke nau ngāué. Ko e mahuʻinga tahá, kuo aʻusia ʻe he Kāingalotú e fetāʻaki ʻi Mīsuli mo ʻOhaioó pea ʻi he fakalalahi e fakakikihi ʻi ʻIlinoisi, naʻe hohaʻa e kau mēmipa ʻo e fakataha alēleá ki he malava ʻe he Expositor ke fakatupu ha fetāʻaki lahi ange ʻo fakafepakiʻi e Kāingalotú mo e kakai haʻanautolu e fale pākí.³ ʻIkai ngata aí, ʻi he taufatungamotuʻa ʻo e senituli 19 ʻo ʻAmeliká, naʻe fie maʻu e kakai tangatá ke nau fai ha tali ki he ngaahi ʻohofi fekauʻaki mo kinautolú, ko ha meʻa angamaheni fakasōsiale naʻe faingataʻa ai ke tukunoaʻi hano fakaʻitaʻí.⁴

ʻI hono fakangofua ʻe he fakataha alēlea ʻa e koló, naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha kau tau, ʻi he tokoni ʻa e Kautau Nāvuú, ke fakaʻauha e faiʻanga pulusí. ʻI he efiafi Mōnite ʻaho 10  ʻo Suné, naʻe toʻo ʻe he kau taú mo ʻene kau ʻōfisa tangata ʻe toko 100 ʻa e faipulusí, fakamoveteveteʻi ʻa e taipé, pea tutu ʻa e toenga ʻo e ʻū tatau ʻo e nusipepá.

Naʻe tui ʻa e Fakataha Alēlea Fakakolo ʻo Nāvuú naʻe fakalao ʻenau ngāué. Ko e ʻUluaki Monomono ʻo e Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteiti ʻo ʻAmeliká, ʻa ia ʻoku tapu ai ke kaunoa ʻa e puleʻangá ʻi he ngaahi kautaha mītiá, ʻoku ʻuhinga pē ia ki he puleʻanga fakafonuá, kae ʻikai ko e siteití pe puleʻanga fakalotofonuá, kae ʻoua kuo aʻu ki he kupu ʻo e Monomono hono Hongofulu Mā Faá ʻi he 1868. Lolotonga e ngaahi fakataha alēleá, naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe Siosefa Sāmita e fakahinohino fakalao ʻa ʻAmeliká mo e fakamatala ʻa Uiliami Pelekisitouní (ko ha talite mālohi ʻi he lao angamahení) ʻo fakaʻuhingaʻi ai ʻoku fakangofua ʻe he ongo maʻuʻanga fakamatala ko ʻení ʻa hono fakaʻauha ʻo e Expositor ʻi he makatuʻunga ko ha fakakina ki he kakaí—ko ha meʻa naʻá ne ʻomi ha fakatuʻutāmaki ki he tuʻunga malu mo e lelei ʻa e sosaietí. Lolotonga e hangē ʻoku ngalikehe hono fakaʻauha ʻo e kautaha mītiá ʻi he senituli 19 ʻi ʻAmeliká, ne lahi ha ngaahi meʻa kimuʻa pea hili e taimi ko ʻení, naʻe taʻotaʻofi ai ʻe he siteiti fakalotofonuá mo e puleʻangá e ngaahi mītia ne ʻikai manakoá. ‘I he 1929, ʻi ha fakamaauʻanga lahi fakasiteiti ne tali ai ke tāpuni ha kautaha mītia naʻe pehē ko ha “fakakina” (neongo naʻe toe fakafoki eni ʻe he Fakamaauʻanga Lahiʻo e  ʻIunaiteti Siteití). Kuo fakamāʻopoʻopo ʻe he kau mataotaó naʻe ngāue fakalao pē ʻa e Fakaaha Alēlea Fakakolo ʻo Nāvuú ke fakaʻuha ʻa e ʻū tatau ʻo e nusipepá kae mahalo naʻa nau fai ʻo lahi hake ʻi honau mafaí ʻi heʻenau fakaʻauha ʻa e kautaha mītiá.⁵

Naʻe fakatupu ʻe hono fakaʻauha ʻo e Expositor ha fakakikihi lahi ange. ʻI Uoasoa, ʻIlinoisi ne ofi maí, naʻe toʻo ʻe ha ʻētita ʻo ha nusipepa ʻiloa ʻoku fakafepakiʻi e Māmongá ko Tōmasi Saapa ʻa e faingamālie ko ʻení ke fakatahatahaʻi ʻa e Vahefonua Henikokí ke fakafepakiʻi e Kāingalotú.⁶ ʻI haʻane feinga ke taʻofi ha tau fakalotofonuá, naʻe toe vakaiʻi ʻe kōvana Tōmasi Footi ʻa e ngaahi ʻuhinga fakalao ki he ngāue ʻa e Fakataha Alēlea Fakakolo ʻo Nāvuú ki hono taʻofi ʻo e nusipepá ʻo pehē ai naʻe fie maʻu ke hopoʻi ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻi Kātesi, ʻa ia ne tuʻu ai e ʻōfisi fakavahefonuá, ki he tukuakiʻi ko e “fakamoveuveu.”

Neongo naʻá ne tali e palōmesi ʻa Footi ke maluʻí mo tuku ke puke pōpula iá, ka naʻe ʻikai pē hopoʻi ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ke ne taukaveʻi ʻene ngaahi ngāue ko e pule koló. Naʻe hū fakaʻita atu ha kau fakatanga ki he Fale Fakapōpula Kātesí ʻo fakapoongi ia mo hono tokoua ko Hailamé.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

“Elder Oaks Interview Transcript from PBS Documentary,” July 20, 2007, mormonnewsroom.org.

Dallin H. Oaks, “Joseph, the Man and the Prophet,” Ensign, May 1996, 71–73.

“Growing Conflict in Illinois,” Church History in the Fulness of Times Student Manual (2003), 263–271.

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau poupouʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

Dallin H. Oaks and Marvin S. Hill, Carthage Conspiracy: The Trial of the Accused Assassins of Joseph Smith (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1979).

Dallin H. Oaks, “The Suppression of the Nauvoo Expositor,” Utah Law Review, vol. 9, no. 4 (Winter 1965), 862–903.

J. E. Hallwas, “Mormon Nauvoo from a Non-Mormon Perspective,” Journal of Mormon History (1990), 53–69.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Pekia ʻa Siosefa mo Hailame Sāmitá, Ngaahi Faʻunga Fakalao mo Fakapolitikale ʻo ʻAmeliká, Angatuʻu ʻi he Siasí, Malanga ʻa Kingi Foietí, Siosefa Sāmita mo e Mali Tokolahí

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

1. Prospectus of the Nauvoo Expositor, May 10, 1844.

2. Nauvoo Expositor, June 7, 1844; Dallin H. Oaks and Marvin S. Hill, Carthage Conspiracy: The Trial of the Accused Assassins of Joseph Smith (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1979), xi–xiii.

3. Joseph Smith, “Proclamation, June 11, 1844,” josephsmithpapers.org; Nauvoo Neighbor, June 12, 1844, 2–3.

4. Vakai, Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982).

5. Dallin H. Oaks, “The Suppression of the Nauvoo Expositor,” Utah Law Review, vol. 9, no. 4 (Winter 1965), 862–903.

6. Oaks and Hill, Carthage Conspiracy, 14.