ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni

Naʻe hoko ʻa ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni ko e Palesiteni hono 13 ʻo e Siasí mei he 1985 ki he 1994. Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ia ʻi he ʻaho 4 ʻo ʻAokosi 1899, ʻi Uitenī, ʻAitahō, ko e lahi taha ia ʻi he fānau ʻe toko 11 ʻa Sela mo Siaosi Tafu Penisoní. Talu mei heʻene kei siʻí, mo e ngāue ʻa ʻEselā ʻi he faama ʻa e fāmilí, pea ʻi heʻene kei talavoú, naʻá ne fakatupulaki ha tokanga moʻoni ki he fakakaukau mo e ʻekonōmika ʻo e ngoué. Naʻá ne ʻosi mei he Oneida Stake Academy (Ako Māʻolunga ʻo e Siteiki ʻOunaitá) pea hoko atu ʻene ako ʻi he ʻekonōmika fakangoué (agronomy) ʻi he Utah Agricultural College (Kolisi Ngoue ʻa ʻIutaá) (ne ui kimui ange ko e ʻUnivēsiti ʻo e Siteiti ʻIutaá), ʻa ia naʻá ne fetaulaki ai mo Folola ʻAmuseni, ko ha kaungāmeʻa ʻo e taha ʻo hono kāingá (cousins).

Lolotonga ʻena feohi fakakaumeʻá, naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe ʻEselā mo Folola te na mali ka te na tomuʻa ʻalu ʻo ngāue fakafaifekau. Naʻe mavahe ʻa ʻEselā ki he Misiona British ʻi he 1921, pea mavahe ʻa Folola ke ngāue ʻi he ʻOtu Motu Hauaiʻí ʻi he 1924. Naʻe ʻosi ʻa ʻEselā mei he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongí kimuʻa siʻi pē pea foki mai ʻa Fololá, pea naʻá na mali ʻi he 1926. Hili e ʻosi ʻa ʻEselā mo ha fakaʻilonga ako MA ʻi he ʻekonōmika fakangoué mei he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo e Siteiti ʻAiouaá ʻi he 1927, naʻá na foki mo Folola ki ʻAitahō, ʻa ia naʻá na tokangaʻi ai ha faama pea kamata ke ʻohake ʻena fānaú.

ʻI hono maumauʻi ʻe he Tō-lalo Lahi Fakaʻekonōmika ʻo e 1930 tupú ʻa e pisinisi ngoué ʻi hono kotoa ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, naʻe sivisiviʻi ʻe ʻEselā ʻa e founga kotoa ʻo e ngoué peá ne aofangatuku ʻaki ko e ngaahi palopalema lalahi ʻo e puleʻi koví, fakamāketi koví, mo e tekinolosia fakangoue ʻoku fakatupu maumaú ʻo fakatupunga ai e mate ʻa e ngaahi faama fakafāmilí . Naʻá ne ngāue maʻá e ngaahi potungāue ʻa e puleʻanga fakalotofonua ʻi ʻAitahoó ke akoʻi ʻa e kau fāmá mo kinautolu ne nau fakalele ʻa e fanga kiʻi fāmá ʻi hono puleʻí mo e ngaahi ngāue fakamāketi fakatahatahá. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo kole ange ʻa e kau ʻōfisa ʻo e siteití kia ʻEselā ke ne tokangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi kautaha ngāue fakatahataha ʻi hono kotoa ʻo ʻAitahoó. Naʻe hiki ʻa e fāmili Penisoní ki Kalefōnia, ʻa ia naʻe ako ai ʻa ʻEselā ki he ʻekonōmika fakangoué ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Kalefōniá ʻi Pēkilī mei he 1936 ki he 1937. ʻI heʻene foki ki ʻAitahoó, naʻe hoko ʻa ʻEselā ʻi ha kiʻi taimi ko ha palesiteni fakasiteiki kae ʻoua kuo tuʻuaki ange ʻe he National Council of Farmer Cooperatives - NCFC (Fakataha Alēlea Fakafonua ʻo e Ngaahi Faama Fakatahatahá) ha lakanga ʻi honau ʻuluʻi ʻōfisi ʻi Uāsingatoni, D.C. Hili pē ha taimi nounou mei he toe hiki ʻa e fāmili Penisoní, naʻe toe uiuiʻi ʻa ʻEselā ke ne hoko ko ha palesiteni fakasiteiki ʻi he Siteiki Uāsingatoni ne toki fokotuʻú.

Lolotonga e takimamata ʻa ʻEselā ki he ngaahi kautaha ngoue fakatahatahá ʻi he 1943, naʻá ne feʻiloaki mo Palesiteni Hiipa J. Kalānite ʻo fakahoko ange ʻe Hiipa ʻa e uiuiʻi ke ne ngāue ʻi he Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá. Naʻe fai ʻe he fāmili Penisoní ha ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu ke nau hiki ki ʻIutā, naʻe mavahe ʻa ʻEselā mei he NCFC, pea ʻi ʻOkatopa, naʻe hikinimaʻi fakataha ia mo fakanofo mo Sipenisā W. Kimipolo ko e ongo ʻAposetolo foʻou tahá. Naʻe kau ʻi he ngaahi fuofua ngāue naʻe vahe ki ai ʻa ʻEletā Penisoní ko ʻene tokangaʻi ʻa e Misiona European mo tokangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi ngāue uelofea ʻa e Siasí ʻi aí ʻi he ngaahi nunuʻa fakamamahi hili ʻa e Tau Lahi Hono II ʻa Māmaní. Naʻe fakaʻohovale kia ʻEletā Penisoni ʻa e masiva naʻá ne sio tonu aí. ʻI ha māhina ʻe 11, naʻá ne fononga ʻi ha maile ʻe 61,000 tupu (kilomita ʻe 98,000) ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻo ʻIulope naʻe maumauʻi ʻe he taú peá ne fakafekauʻaki ha ngaahi tokoni ʻofa fakaetangata ki he masivá ʻo laka hake ʻi he pauni ʻe 4,000,000 (kilokalami ʻe 1,800,000) ʻo e ngaahi naunau tokoní.

Mekisī Sima mo ʻEletā ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni ʻi hono vakaiʻi ʻo e ngaahi naunau ne fakataumuʻa ki he Kāingalotu ʻi ʻIulopé, 1946.

Naʻe fakamālohia ʻe he ngaahi tūkunga ʻi ʻIulopé ʻa e ngaahi fakapapau ʻa ʻEletā Penisoni naʻe fakafofongaʻi ʻe he ʻIunaiteti Siteiti ʻo ʻAmeliká mo hono Konisitūtoné ha “tupuʻanga ʻo e tauʻatāiná” mo ha maama ʻo e tauʻatāiná ki he māmaní. ‘I ha ngaahi lea lahi na‘á ne lave ai ki he ngaahi nunu‘a fakapolitikale ‘o e ngaahi me‘a ‘o e māmaní ‘i he taimi ko iá, ‘a ia na‘e ‘iloa lahi ko e Vāvātau ʻi ʻAmelika mo Lūsiá (Cold War). Naʻá ne faʻa fakatokanga ki he mafola ʻo e pule fakakominiusí mo e “[ngaahi kautaha] fakamālohi faʻu ʻe he tangatá” ʻo e puleʻangá peá ne naʻinaʻi ki he Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, kau taki fakasivilé, mo e kau tangataʻifonua angamahení ke nau ako ʻa e ngaahi lēsoni ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻa ia naʻe tomuʻa fakahā ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fakamanamana fakatupu maumau ki he ngaahi sōsaieti tauʻatāiná.

ʻI he 1953, naʻe fokotuʻu ai ʻe Tuaiti D. ʻEisenihaua, ʻi heʻene hoko ko e palesiteni fili foʻou ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ʻa ʻEletā Penisoni ke ne hoko ko e sekelitali ʻo e ngoué, ko e tuʻunga fakapuleʻanga māʻolunga taha ia ʻi he ngoué ʻi he puleʻanga fakafonuá. ʻI he ngaahi māhina kimuʻa pea toki fakangofua fakaʻofisiale ia ʻe he Senatoa ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, naʻe kumi faleʻi ʻa ʻEletā Penisoni mei he Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí ko Tēvita O. Makeí, ʻa ia naʻá ne poupouʻi ia ke ne tali ʻa e lakangá. Naʻe hanga ʻe he ʻātakai fakapolitikale mālohí ʻo fakamoʻulaloa ʻa e fāmili Penisoní ki hano fehuʻia mo e fakaangaʻi lahi, ka naʻe tali ʻe ʻEletā Penisoni ʻa e faingamālie ke tokoni ki he kakai ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo tokangaʻi ʻa e Potungāue Ngoué ʻi he founga lelei mo e tokanga. Naʻe kau ʻi hono ngaahi fatongiá ʻa hono maluʻi mo puleʻi ʻo e ngaahi vaotā mo e ngaahi fonua musieʻiá, fakatonutonu ʻa e ngaahi sivi ʻo e meʻakaí, tokangaʻi ʻo e ngaahi polokalama uelofeá, mo hono fakalele ʻo e ngaahi ngāue langa fakalakalaka ʻi he tukui koló. ‘I he kotoa ‘o ‘ene ngāue ta‘u ‘e valú, na‘á ne fa‘a ngāue ‘aki ‘a e ngaahi faingamālie ke fakahaaʻi ai ‘ene fakamo‘oni faka‘aposetoló. ʻI he 1954, naʻe fakaʻekeʻeke ʻe he faiongoongo televīsone ʻiloa ko ʻEtuate R. Muloú ʻa e fāmili Penisoní ʻi heʻene polokalama fakamafola fakahangatonu ko e Person to Person (Tokotaha ki he Tokotaha), ʻa ia naʻe fakahoko ai ʻe he fāmili Penisoní ʻenau efiafi fakafāmili fakauike ʻi ʻapí ke mamata ki ai ʻa e fonuá. ʻI heʻene fakaʻosi ʻene teemi ngāué ʻi he 1961, naʻe ʻamanaki fiefia atu ʻa ʻEletā Penisoni ke foki “ki he meʻa pē taha ʻoku ou saiʻia ai ʻo laka ange ʻi he ngoué”: ko ʻene ngāue fakaetauhí.

Ko ʻEletā ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni ʻi heʻene hoko ko e sekelitali ʻo e ngoué ʻi ha fakataha mo e kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻangá ʻi Uāsingatoni, D.C.

Hili ʻa e mālōlō ʻa Palesiteni Sipenisā W. Kimipolo ʻi Nōvema 1985, naʻe vaheʻi ʻa Palesiteni Penisoni ko e Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí. Lolotonga ʻo ʻene ʻi he palesitenisií, naʻá ne fakamahuʻingaʻi lahi ʻa e Tohi ʻa Molomoná, ʻo ne poupouʻi ʻa e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke ako mo tali hono ngaahi akonakí. ʻI heʻene lea fakafeʻiloaki ʻi he konifelenisi lahi ʻo ʻEpeleli 1986, naʻá ne ʻoatu ha ui ke ngāue—ʻo ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he fiemaʻu ke tau “fakamatala lahi ange ki he Tohi ʻa Molomoná, ka ʻoku toe fiemaʻu ke tau fai ha meʻa lahi ange mo ia.” ʻI he taʻu hono hokó, naʻá ne foaki ha tāpuaki fakapalōfita ki he Kāingalotú ʻo ha “loto-holi lahi ange ke lōmakiʻi ʻa māmani ʻaki e Tohi ʻa Molomoná.” ʻI hono ngaahi taʻu fakaʻosí, naʻe toʻo ʻe Palesiteni Penisoni ʻa e faingamālie kotoa pē ke fakamoʻoni ki he faka-ʻOtua ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí pea mo fakamoʻoni ki he Tohi ʻa Molomoná. Naʻá ne fakamamafaʻi mahino ʻa hono fakafepakiʻi ʻo e loto-hīkisiá ʻaki hono tanumaki ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi moʻui ʻoku nofotaha ʻia Kalaisí. Naʻe tatau pē hono tuʻunga moʻui lelei ne hōloá mo hono uaifi, ko Fololá, ʻa ia naʻe mālōlō ʻi he 1992. Naʻe mālōlō ʻa Palesiteni Penisoni ʻi he siʻi hifo ʻi he taʻu ua kimui ange, ʻo tuku mai ha tukufakaholo naʻe fakamaʻu mālohi ki he Tohi ʻa Molomoná. Naʻe fehuʻi ʻe Palesiteni Hauati W. Hanitā ko e hoko hake ʻia Penisoní, “ʻE lava ha toʻu tangata … ʻo vakai atu ki he ngāue fakataki ʻa Palesiteni ʻEselā Tafu Penisoní pea ʻikai fakakaukau ʻi he taimi tatau ki heʻene manako he Tohi ʻa Molomoná? “Mahalo kuo ʻikai ha Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí talu mei he Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá, kuó ne fai ha meʻa lahi ange ke akoʻi ʻa e ngaahi moʻoni ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná, ke ʻai ia ko ha lēsoni ke ako fakaʻaho ʻi he kāingalotu kotoa ʻo e Siasí, pea mo “lōmakiʻi ʻa e māmaní” ʻi hono tufakí.”

Ki ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e moʻui ʻa ʻEselā Tafu Penisoní, vakai ki he ngaahi vitiō ko e Prophets of the Restoration ʻi he history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org pe ʻi he polokalama Gospel Library.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Tō Lalo Lahi Fakaʻekonōmiká, Ngaahi Polokalama Uelofeá, Efiafi Fakafāmili ʻi ʻApí, Outmigration, ʻIkai Kau ki ha Faʻahi Fakapolitikale