Pilikihami ʻIongi

Kei Tupu Haké, Uluí, mo e Tuʻunga Fakaeʻaposetoló

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi Veamoni ʻi he 1801 ko e fika hiva ʻi he fānau ʻe toko 11. Naʻá ne tupu hake ʻi ha fāmili ne fehikitaki holo ʻi he fekumi ki ha ngāue maʻuanga moʻui tuʻu maʻú. Naʻe vilitaki ʻa ʻene ongomātuʻá ki he kotoa ʻo ʻena fānaú ke nau talangofua kakato ki he Tohi Tapú pea faʻa ngāue. Naʻe mavahe ʻa Pilikihami mei ʻapi ʻi hono taʻu 16, hili ia ha taʻu ʻe ua ʻo e mate ʻa ʻene faʻeé ʻi he mahaki tīpií. Naʻe fakafeʻiloaki ia ki he Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻi he hili pē hono pulusi ʻa e tohí ʻi he 1830, ka naʻá ne ako ʻa e ongoongoleleí ʻi ha taʻu ʻe ua kimuʻa peá ne toki loto ke papitaiso. Ne vave ʻene ako ke poupouʻi ʻa e palōfitá ʻi he “kātaki mo e tui” (Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 21:5) hili ʻene fanongo ki he mata meʻa-hā-mai ʻa Siosefa Sāmita kau ki he ngaahi nāunaú, ʻa ia ne hangē ne fehangahangai mo e vakai ʻa Pilikihami kau ki he toetuʻú. Naʻá ne tali lelei e fakahaá peá ne fakalotolahiʻi e niʻihi kehé ke nau fai ʻa e meʻa tatau.¹

ʻI he 1834, naʻe laka ʻa Pilikihami mo e ʻApitanga ʻo ʻIsilelí (ne ui kimui ko e “ʻApitanga ʻo Saioné)² ki Mīsuli, pea taimi nounou pē mei he foki mai ʻa e ʻApitangá ki Ketilani, ʻOhaioó, naʻe ui ia ke ne hoko ko ha ʻAposetolo ʻi he Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá. ʻI he 1837, ʻi he taimi naʻe fakafisingaʻi ai ʻe ha niʻihi ʻo e kau takí, kau ai ha kau ʻAposetolo, ʻa e tuʻunga fakatakimuʻa ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá ʻi Ketilaní, naʻe fakatahatahaʻi ʻe Pilikihami ha kau poupou ke maluʻi ʻa e Siasí mo poupouʻi ʻa e Palōfitá. Hili e fakafisi ʻa Tōmasi B. Māʻasi mei he Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, ne fetongi ʻe Pilikihami ʻa Māʻasi ko e palesiteni ʻo e kōlomú peá ne fakahoko ha ngāue mahuʻinga ʻi hono tataki e Kāingalotú ke nau kumi hūfanga lolotonga e ngaahi fakatanga ʻi Mīsulí.³ ʻI he taʻu hono hokó, ne ō ʻa Pilikihami mo e kau ʻAposetolo kehe ʻo ngāue fakafaifekau ki Pilitānia, ʻa ia naʻá ne poupouʻi ai ʻa e uouangataha ʻi he Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá pea tokoni ke ʻomi ha kau papi ului ʻe lauiafe ki he Siasí.

ʻI Nāvuú, naʻe kau ʻa Pilikihami ʻi he fuofua niʻihi ke maʻu ʻenitaumeni ko ha fakahā foʻou ki he temipalé.⁴ Hili hono akoʻi ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻa Pilikihami fekauʻaki mo e mali tokolahí, naʻá ne mali mo Lusi ʻAna Teka ʻi he 1842, ʻi he loto-lelei ki ai ʻa hono uaifi ko Mele ʻAná.⁵ ʻI he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1844, naʻá ne kau ki he Fakataha Alēlea ʻo e Toko Nimangofulú, ko ha kulupu ne fatongia ʻaki hono fekumi ha ngaahi feituʻu nofoʻanga maʻá e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí.⁶

ʻI he 1844, lolotonga e kemipeini ʻa Pilikihami maʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki he fili palesiteni ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, naʻá ne ʻilo kuo fakapoongi ʻa Siosefa mo Hailame.⁷ Naʻá ne foki leva he vave tahá ki Nāvū, ʻo ne tūʻuta ki ai ʻi ʻAokosi peá ne fakataha mo e kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e founga ke hoko atú. ʻI ha fakataha lahi ʻa e Kāingalotú, naʻá ne fokotuʻu ke tataki fakakōlomu ʻe he Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ʻa e Siasí, ʻa ia ko ha fokotuʻu ʻeni ne meimei poupou loto-taha kotoa ki ai ʻa kinautolu ne kau ʻi he fakatahá.⁸ Naʻe fakamamafaʻi foki ʻe Pilikihami ʻa e fie maʻu ke fkaʻosi e Temipale Nāvuú kimuʻa pea mavahe ʻa e Kāingalotú mei he koló. Hili ʻa hono fakatapui fakakonga ʻa e temipalé ʻi Tīsema 1845, naʻá ne tokangaʻi ʻa e ouau fakatemipale ʻa ha Kāingalotu ʻe toko laui afe, ʻa ia ne faʻa fakahoko ʻi ha ngaahi houa ngāue lōloa mo faingataʻa, kimuʻa ia peá ne mavahe mei he koló ki he Hihifó.⁹ ʻI he 1847 naʻá ne maʻu ai ha fakahā (ne fakangofua kimui ko e Tokāteline mo e ngaahi Fuakava 136) ne toe fakahā mai ai e founga ʻoku totonu ke fokotuʻutuʻu ʻaki ʻe he kau takí ʻa e hiki fononga tokolahi ʻa e Kāingalotú, peá ne taki ha kulupu fononga ki he Teleʻa Sōleki Sití ʻi he taʻu pē ko iá.¹⁰ Hili e foki ʻa Pilikihami ki ʻAiouā ʻi he Tīsema ko iá, naʻá ne fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻa e Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ʻi Keinisivila, ʻAiouā, ʻo hoko ai ʻa Hiipa C. Kimipolo mo Uiliate Lisiate ko hono ongo tokoni.¹¹

Ko e fuofua tā fakatātā ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongi ne ʻiloʻí, fakafuofua ki he 1845.

Palōfita ʻi he Kauʻāfonuá

ʻI he malumalu ʻo e pule ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí, naʻe ngāue fakataha e Kāingalotú ke langa ha ngaahi nofoʻanga ʻi he funga fonua ʻo e Anovai Māsima Lahí.¹² ʻI he feinga ʻa e Kāingalotú ke nau feangai mo honau ʻātakaí, naʻa nau fakaloloto ʻenau tukupā ki ha ʻulungaanga naʻe makehe mo uouongataha, kātekina ha honge, mo langa ha tukui kolo lahi mei Mekisikou mo e fakatonga ʻo Kalefōniá ki ʻAitahō mo Kānata. Naʻe fakaʻaliʻali ʻe Pilikihami ha vīsone taʻe-hano-tatau ki hono fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e tukui koló, tauhi e tuʻunga fakaʻekonōmika feliliuaki ʻo e kauʻāfonuá, pea mo hono talitali ʻa e kau hikifonua ne hohoko ʻenau hiki maí. ʻI he ngaahi meʻa kotoa pē, naʻá ne tauhi maʻu ʻa e tokanga taha ki he taumuʻa uouangataha ki hono langa ʻo Saioné.¹³ Naʻá ne pehē, “ʻOku ou sio loto atu pē au ki Saione ʻi he taimi kotoa pē. He ʻikai ke tau tatali ki ha kau ʻāngelo, pe kia ʻĪnoke mo hono kakaí ke nau haʻu ʻo langa hake ʻa Saione, ka te tau langa ia ʻe kitautolu.”¹⁴ Neongo naʻá ne lava ʻo lea taʻemāluʻia mo fefeka ʻi he ngaahi taimi ʻe niʻihi, ka naʻe manatuʻi ia ʻe hono kaungā Kaingalotú ko ha takimuʻa faʻa tokanga mo ʻofeina, ʻa ia naʻá ne tokanga ki heʻenau ngaahi fiemaʻú.¹⁵

Naʻe fakaʻamu ʻa Pilikihami ke paotoloaki ʻa e melino mo e ngaahi kulupu ʻo e Kau ʻInitia ʻAmelika ne ʻi he vahefonuá. Ka neongo iá, ne fakakikihi e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí mo kinautolu he ngaahi taimi ʻe niʻihi, pea naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe Pilikihami ʻa ʻene fakameʻapangoʻia ʻi he founga ne hoko ai ʻa e ngaahi fekeʻikeʻi ko ʻení.¹⁶ Naʻá ne hoko ko ha Kōvana Fakavahefonua ʻi ʻIutā ʻi he 1857–58 ʻi he taimi ne fekauʻi ai ʻe he puleʻanga ʻIunaiteti Siteití ha kau sōtia ke taʻotaʻofi e maumaulao ne pehē ne hoko ʻi he Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi ʻIutaá.¹⁷ Lolotonga ʻa e manavahētuʻu ʻa e Kāingalotú kimuʻa pea tūʻuta ʻa e kau tau ʻa ʻAmeliká, ne tāmateʻi tavale ʻe hanau niʻihi ha kulupu ʻo ha kau hikifonua ne nau kolosi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú ʻi he Vahefonua ʻIutaá.¹⁸ Neongo naʻe ngalingali hoko ʻa e ngaahi akonaki kakaha naʻe faʻa fai ʻe Pilikihami mo e kau taki kehé ke tānaki ki he ʻulungaanga fakafepaki ne tupu ai ʻa e fakamamahi ne hokó, ka naʻá ne ʻosi fakahinohinoʻi ʻa e Kāingalotú ke nau tukunoaʻi ʻa e kau hikifonua maí.¹⁹

Neongo naʻe faʻa tuku taha ʻa e tokanga ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí ki he ngaahi faingataʻa ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻIutaá, ka naʻá ne kei manatuʻi pē ʻa hono fatongia fakaepalōfita ki he māmaní. Naʻá ne ʻoatu ha ngaahi uiuiʻi ki he kau faifekaú ke nau ngāue ʻi he konitinēniti ʻIulopé, ʻAfiliká, ʻĒsiá, mo ʻAmelika Tonga.²⁰ Kimuʻa peá ne pekiá, naʻe pulusi ha konga lahi pe kotoa ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻi he lea faka-Tenimaʻaké, faka-Falaniseé, faka-Uelesí, faka-Siamané, faka-ʻItalí, faka-Hauaiʻí, faka-Suetení, mo e faka-Sipeiní. Naʻe ngāue ʻa Pilikihami ʻo ope atu ʻi ha ngaahi fakangatangata fakafonua pau ʻi he taimi ko iá, ʻi heʻene tokoniʻi e kau hikifonua mei he ngaahi matakali mo e lea fakafonua kehekehe ke tānaki fakataha ki he Vahefonua ʻIutaá, mo fokotuʻu ha tukui ʻapi ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo honau kaungā Kāingalotú.²¹

Tā Fakatātā ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi ʻIutā, fakafuofua ki he 1870.

Moʻui Fakafāmilí

Ne mali ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi mo hono ʻuluaki uaifí, Meliame Uekisī, ʻi Niu ʻIoke ʻi he 1824. Hili ha ngaahi māhina siʻi mei heʻena fakatou papitaisó, naʻe mate ʻa Meliame ʻi he tīpií. Ne tokoni ʻa e uaifi hono ua ʻo Pilikihamí, Mele ʻAna ʻEnisolo, ki hono ohi hake e fānau ʻa Meliamé kae pehē ki heʻene fānaú, naʻá ne tokangaʻi toko taha pē honau fāmilí lolotonga e faʻa mavahe ʻa Pilikihami ʻi he ngaahi ngāue fakafaifekaú, pea naʻá ne tali ʻa e mali tokolahí ʻi he taimi ne fakafeʻiloaki ai ia ki he tefitoʻi moʻoní.

Neongo naʻe ʻuluaki manavasiʻi ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi, ka naʻe vave pē ʻene hoko ko ha poupou fefeka ki hono fakahoko ʻo e mali tokolahí. ʻI he ofi ki he fakaʻosinga ʻo e moʻui ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí, naʻe ʻilolahia ia ko ha tamai ki ha fāmili tokolahi. Naʻe silaʻi ia ki ha kau fafine ʻe toko 50 tupu, ko e tokolahi ʻo kinautolu naʻa nau nofo fakataha mo ia. Ko e niʻihi ne mahino pē kiate kinautolu ko ʻenau sila kia Pilikihamí ko ha mahuʻinga fakalaumālie kae ʻikai ko e fakatauhiʻapi. Naʻe maʻu ʻe Pilikihami mo e toko 16 ʻo hono ngaahi uaifí ha fānau fakakātoa ʻe toko 56. ʻI heʻenau hoko ko e ngaahi mātuʻá, naʻá nau fakatupulaki ha ngaahi tukufakaholo foʻou ke tokangaʻi ʻaki e fāmili tokolahí.²² Ko e toko ua ʻo hono ngaahi uaifí naʻe hoko kimui ko ha ongo Palesiteni Lahi ʻo e Fineʻofá: ʻIlisa R. Sinou mo Sina D. Hanitingitoni Sēkope.²³ Naʻe lekooti ʻe he tokolahi ʻo e fānau ʻa Pilikihamí, kae pehē ki he niʻihi paea ne ohi ki he fāmilí, ha ngaahi manatu ʻofa ki heʻene fatongia fakaetamaí mo hono ivi tākiekina ʻi heʻenau moʻuí.

Ko ha laʻitā ʻo e ngaahi uaifi ʻe toko 8 ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongí mo hono ngaahi ʻofefine ʻe toko 16, fakafuofua ki he 1893.

Ngaahi Liliu ki he Fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e Siasí

Lolotonga e taʻu fakamuimui ʻe hongofulu ʻo e moʻui ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí, naʻá ne fakafeʻiloaki ha ngaahi liliu lahi ki he fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e Siasí. ʻI he 1867 naʻe ui ʻe Pilikihami ki he kakai fefiné ke toe fakamoʻui ʻa e Fineʻofá pea kamata ha ngaahi kulupu ʻi he uooti takitaha. ʻI he taʻu tatau pē, naʻá ne fokotuʻu ai ha poate lahi ke tokangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi Lautohi Faka-Sāpate fakalotofonuá. ʻI he 1869, ʻi he tokoni ʻa hono ngaahi uaifí mo hono ngaahi ʻofefiné, naʻá ne poupouʻi ha liliu foʻou, ʻa ia naʻe iku ai ki hono fokotuʻu ha houalotu tokolahi ange maʻá e kau finemuí.²⁴ Naʻe ngaʻunu māmālie e ngāue ki he Temipale Solekí, pea ʻi he 1870 tupú, naʻá ne fakahinohinoʻi ʻa e langa ʻo ha temipale ʻi Seni Siaosi mo palaniʻi ha ngaahi temipale kehe ki Manitī mo Lōkeni.²⁵ ʻI he ofi ke ʻosi hono langa ʻo e temipale Seni Siaosí ʻi he 1877, ne ngāue fakataha ʻa Pilikihami mo ha niʻihi kehe ke fakatukupaaʻi ʻa hono fuofua hiki tohinima e ngaahi ouau fakatemipalé, ke fakapapauʻi ʻe lava ʻo hokohoko atu pē ʻa e ngāue fakatemipalé hili ʻene maté ʻo hangē kuó ne vīsone ki aí. Ko ha konga ʻo e ngaahi ngāue fakaʻosi ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi heʻene hoko ko e Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí, naʻá ne fakafaingofuaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fatongia mo e ngaahi vā ʻi he ngaahi kōlomu ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí mo fakatapui ʻa e temipale Seni Siaosí. Naʻá ne mālōlō ʻi he ʻaho 29 ʻo ʻAokosi 1877, ʻi hono taʻu 76.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

“Brigham Young,” Prophets of the Restoration, history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

Ronald K. Esplin, “Brigham Young in England,” Ensign, June 1987, 28–33.

Ronald K. Esplin, “Fire in His Bones,” Ensign, Mar. 1993, 44–48.

Ronald W. Walker, “Brigham Young: Student of the Prophet,” Ensign, Feb. 1998, 50–57.

“Brigham Young the Carpenter,” Museum Treasures, history.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau poupouʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

Leonard J. Arrington, Brigham Young: American Moses (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985).

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Susa ʻIongi Keitisi, Zina D. H. Jacobs Young, ʻIlisa R. Sinou, Halanga Paioniá, Ngaahi Nofoʻanga ʻo e Kau Paioniá, Temipale Sōlekí, Kautaha Uouangatahá, Cooperative Movement, Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú, Tau ʻi ʻIutaá, Reformation of 1856–1857, Hokohoko ʻo e Taki ʻi he Siasí, Kōlomu kuo Paní (“Lakanga Toputapu”), Fakataha Alēlea ʻo e Toko Nimangofulú, Mavahe mei Nāvuú, Meʻafoaki ʻo e Lea ʻi he Ngaahi Lea Kehekehé, Mali Tokolahí ʻi ʻIutā, Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, Adjustments to Priesthood Organization, Hikifonua Maí, Langa ʻo e Temipalé, Halanga Lēlué, Deseret Alphabet, Retrenchment

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. Vakai ki he Tefito: Ko e Meʻa-Hā-Maí (T&F 76).

2. Vakai ki he Tefito: ʻApitanga Saioné (ʻApitanga ʻo ʻIsilelí).

3. Vakai ki he Ngaahi Tefito: Tōmasi B. Māʻasi, Hokohoko ʻo e Taki ʻi he Siasí. Naʻe mei feʻunga ha ʻaposetolo ʻe taha ko Tēvita W. Pāteni ke hoko ko e palesiteni ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, ka ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he ngaahi fakamatalá ko Pilikihami ʻIongi pē naʻe fakakaukauʻi ki ai e fatongiá hili e fakafisi ʻa Tōmasi B. Māʻasi mei he Kōlomú ʻi he 1838. Koeʻuhí naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ki he kōlomú ke fili ʻa honau mēmipa taʻu motuʻa tahá ke hoko ko e palesiteni, ne mei lava ke maʻu ʻe Pāteni ʻa e motuʻa tahá, ka naʻe ʻikai ke ne ʻiloʻi ʻe ia pe ko e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻa hono ʻaho fāʻeleʻí pe naʻá ne motuʻa ange ʻia Māʻasi pe ʻikai. Naʻe tamateʻi ʻa Pāteni hili ha ʻaho ʻe tolu mei he mavahe ʻa Māʻasi mei he Kōlomú, ʻo ʻikai ai ke toe fai hano aleaʻi ʻo Pāteni ʻi he taimi ne tohi mai ai ʻa Siosefa mei he Fale Fakapōpula Lipetií ʻi he 1839 ke fakahinohinoʻi e kau ʻAposetoló ki he founga ke fakakakato ai e tuʻunga naʻe ʻataá. (Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, and Hyrum Smith, “Letter to Heber C. Kimball and Brigham Young, 16 January 1839,” Joseph Smith Papers, josephsmithpapers.org; Alexander L. Baugh, “David W. Patten,” in Daniel H. Ludlow, ed., Encyclopedia of Mormonism: The History, Scripture, Doctrine, and Procedure of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [New York: Macmillan, 1992], 1068; William Shepard, “Transformation of the Mormon Hierarchy at Far West, Missouri,” The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal, vol. 35, no. 1 [Spring/Summer 2015]: 62–83.)

4. Vakai ki he Tefito: Kōlomu kuo Pani (“Lakanga Toputapu”).

5. Vakai ki he Tefito: Siosefa Sāmita mo e Mali Tokolahí.

6. Vakai ki he Tefito: Fakataha Alēlea ʻo e Toko Nimangofulú.

7. Vakaiʻi e Ngaahi Tefito: Ko e Keimipeini ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻi he 1844 ke Palesiteni ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, Pekia ʻa Siosefa mo Hailame Sāmita.

8. Vakai ki he Tefito: Hokohoko ʻo e Taki ʻi he Siasí.

9. Vakaiʻi e Ngaahi Tefito: Mavahe mei Nāvuú, ʻEnitaumeni ʻi he Temipalé, Silá.

10. Vakaiʻi e Ngaahi Tefito: Halanga Paioniá, Teleʻa Sōlekí.

11. Vakai, Tefitó: Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí.

12. Vakai ki he Tefito: Ngaahi Nofoʻanga Paioniá.

13. Vakai ki he Tefito: Saione/Selusalema Foʻoú.

14. Ngaahi Akonaki ʻa e Kau Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí: Pilikihami ʻIongi (1997), 137.

15. Elizabeth Wood Kane, Twelve Mormon Homes Visited in Succession on a Journey through Utah to Arizona (Philadelphia: 1874), 113; Heber J. Grant, as quoted in Gospel Standards, comp. G. Homer Durham (Salt Lake City: Improvement Era, 1941), 224. Leonard J. Arrington, Brigham Young: American Moses (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985), 406 – 9.

16. Vakaiʻi e Ngaahi Tefito: American Indians, Indian Slavery and Indentured Servitude.

17. Vakai ki he Tefito: Tau ʻa ʻIutaá.

18. Vakai ki he Tefito: Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú.

19. Vakai ki he Tefito: Reformation of 1856–57.

20. Vakai, Tefitó: Kau Fuofua Faifekaú.

21. Vakai ki he Tefito: Hikifonua Maí.

22. Vakaiʻi e Ngaahi Tefito: Retrenchment, Ngaahi Kautaha ʻa e Kau Finemuí.

23. Vakaiʻi e Ngaahi Tefito: ʻIlisa R. Sinou, Zina D. H. Jacobs Young, Fineʻofá.

24. Vakaiʻi e Ngaahi Tefito: Susa ʻIongi Kētisi, Retrenchment, Ngaahi Kautaha ʻa e Kau Finemuí.

25. Vakai ki he Tefito: Langa ʻo e Temipalé.